| The wheat is the main stable crop in China,and the planting density is an important cultivation technique that affects wheat yield.The new high-quality winter wheat variety“Xinong 585”is suitable for cultivation in the Guanzhong irrigation area.In order to improve the supporting cultivation technology measures for“Xinong 585”wheat cultivation with high yield,fully exploit its yield potential and ensure that its advantages can be given full play in the promotion process.From 2020 to 2021,the population structure,individual agronomic traits,changes in dry matter accumulation in different organs,grain filling characteristics,resistance to overturning,yield and quality were studied at a farming station on the North Campus of Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University of Science and Technology in the range of 1.2 million plants/ha to4.2 million plants/ha.The results of the experiment showed that.1.Density had a significant effect on the individual agronomic traits of“Xinong585”wheat.With increasing density,plant height increased by 1.95cm to 6.21cm.0.4 to1.8 tillers/plant were reduced at the overwintering and nodulation stages,with a decrease of 12.6%to 39.1%.Grade Ⅱ tillers decreased by 1.3 to 2.5 tillers/plant,or32.5%to 97.6%.Leaf age decreased by 0.48 to 2.2,a decrease of 8.16%to 18.51%.Overwintering to gestation secondary roots decreased by 0.42 to 1.76 roots/plant,a decrease of 24.5%to 39.7%.With increasing density,the height of the centre of gravity of wheat plants shifted upwards by 4.76cm,an increase of 11.6%.Stalk wall thickness thinned by 0.17mm to 0.21mm,a decrease of 24.2%to 26.3%.The node length increased by 0.76cm to 2.50cm,an increase of 11.2%to 62.4%,with a highly significant difference in internode length;it reduced the mechanical strength of the basal internodes by 29.82 to 52.24Kpa,a decrease of 20.0%to 39.5%.The wheat main stem resistance index was reduced by 0.98 to 1.60,a decrease of 28.7%to 49.5%.Plant resistance to overturning was reduced.2.Density had a significant effect on the dry matter accumulation and the dry matter translocation of each organ of“Xinong 585”wheat.As the fertility period progressed,the dry matter accumulation of different density treatments showed an increasing trend.As the density increased,the amount of dry matter accumulated per plant from overwintering to maturity decreased by 0.16 g to 4.99 g,with a decrease of32.9%to 54.3%.After flowering,the dry matter gradually moved to the reproductive organs,and the distribution of dry matter to leaves,sheaths,rachises+glumes and seeds at maturity ranged from 3.7%to 6.0%;33.2%to 38.3%;10.6%to 11.5%;and42.8%to 49.5%,respectively.The seed filling rate showed a"slow-fast-slow"growth dynamic at different densities,with the dry weight of 1,000 grains at a higher level at lower densities.From 7d to 19d after flowering,the planting densities of 1.8 million plants/ha and 3.6 million plants/ha showed an increasing trend.From 19d to 25d after flowering,the filling rate of other treatments also accelerated,and by 31d to 37d after flowering,the filling rate of each treatment began to decrease.3.Density had a significant effect on yield.Among them,the density from 1.2million plants/ha to 3.6 million plants/ha could increase the yield by 27.6%,while the density continued to increase the yield decreased by 10.2%.The total number of stems in the wheat population tended to increase with increasing density,while the number of adult spikelets first increased and then decreased,with the final maximum at 5.46×10~6plants/ha in treatment 3.6 million plants/ha.with increasing density,the rate of adult spikelets decreased by 7.97%.The number of spikelets decreased by 0.14 to 0.73spikelets/spike,a decrease of 0.7%to 3.5%.The number of infertile spikelets increased by 0.13 to 1.24 spikelets/spike,an increase of 4.2%to 22.5%.The number of grains per spike decreased by 0.57 to 2.8 grains per spike,a decrease of 1.3%to 7.0%.Thousand grain weight decreased by 0.27-0.80g,a decrease of 0.5%-1.6%.The relationship between planting density and yield was a parabolic function,with wheat yield being highest when planting density was at 3.09 million plants/ha.4.The effect of density on wheat grain quality was small.With the increase of density,the grain weight and protein content of primary processing quality showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,both of which were highest at a density of3 million plants/ha,833.48g/L and 12.68%respectively.The flour yield tended to decrease and then increase,with a maximum of 68.6%at a density of 1.8 million plants/ha.The secondary processing quality of wet gluten and maximum tensile resistance decreased with increasing density,both being highest at a density of 1.2million plants/ha,with a decrease of 6.6%and 3.5%between treatments respectively.Stability time,water absorption,tensile area and ductility all showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing,all being higher in the density range of 3 million plants/ha to 3.6 million plants/ha.There were no significant differences between the quality indicators of the treatments and the quality performance was relatively stable.Based on the above analysis,the planting density of“Xinong 585”for high yield in the Guanzhong irrigation area is in the range of 3 million plants/ha to 3.6 million plants/ha. |
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