| Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)is a metabolite of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasitic,can cause foodborne poisoning,induce liver cancer.It is included in the "Class I Carcinogen List" because of its strong toxicity,no specific drugs and easy pollution exposure,which become a worldwide problem that hinders animal production,threats to human health and immeasurable and irreversible economic costs.How to effectively protect the harm caused by aflatoxin B1 sub-chronic poisoning to humans or animals has become a research hotspot.Sub-chronic poisoning of aflatoxin B1 can lead to the decline of animal production performance,and cause oxidative stress,inflammatory response and other damage in the body.Curcumin is an active compound extracted from the rhizomes of turmeric and other plants.It has the characteristics of easy extraction,low cost,no toxic and side effects and good biological effects such as antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and promoting animal growth.The purpose of this experiment was to study the protective effect of different doses of curcumin on AFB1 sub-chronic poisoning mice,in order to provide theoretical basis and measures for the further development and utilization of curcumin and the effective prevention and control of AFB1 poisoning.In this experiment,60 6-week-old C57BL/6 mouse were randomly divided into 6 groups after adaptive feeding for 7 days.There were blank control group,aflatoxin B1 poisoning group(0.75 mg/kg AFB1),high dose protection group(150 mg/kg curcumin + 0.75 mg/kg AFB1),middle dose protection group(100 mg/kg curcumin + 0.75 mg/ kg AFB1),low dose protection group(50 mg/kg curcumin + 0.75mg/kg AFB1)and curcumin control group(150 mg/kg curcumin).Detected in each group of mouse body weight,poisoning scores of mental state and systemic symptoms,routine blood physiology indicators(leukocyte,erythrocytes,hemoglobin and platelet)and serum biochemical parameters,pathological anatomical examination,organ index(liver,kidney,spleen and lung),histopathological changes(liver,kidney,spleen,lung and duodenum),serum oxidation stress indicators(T-AOC,T-SOD,CAT,GSH and MDA),serum inflammatory factors content and expression levels of inflammatory genes in the liver of mice in each group.The results were as follows:(1)Clinical observation and pathological examination.The body weight of the exposed mice was lower than the blank control group significantly,and obvious mental depression and systemic symptoms appeared.Pathological examination revealed gray-white necrotic spots on the liver,increased gallbladder volume,significantly increased liver,kidney and spleen indices,disordered liver tissue structure,vacuolar degeneration of cells,and leukocyte infiltration.The cells in the white pulp area of the spleen tissue were loose and irregular,the boundary with the red pulp area was blurred,and the red pulp area was congested.Degeneration and death of renal tubular epithelial cells,enlargement of renal capsule space,and glomerular atrophy.Compared with the AFB1 group,the weight of the exposed mice in the high and medium dose protection groups was significantly larger,the liver,kidney and spleen indices were significantly reduced,and the changes in tissue damage were significantly alleviated;there was no significant difference between the curcumin control group and the blank control group.(2)Changes in blood physiological and biochemical indicators.The number of leukocytes in the blood of exposed mice significantly increased,the number of red blood cells,hemoglobin and platelets were significantly decreased,the activities of serum transaminases(ALT,AST,γ-GT and ALP)were significantly increased,and the serum content of TP and albumin were decreased significantly,and serum metabolites(BUN,CREA,and UA)were significantly increased.The leukocytes,serum transaminase activities and metabolites in serum of mice exposed to high doses of curcumin were significantly reduced,and erythrocytes,hemoglobin,platelets,TP and albumin were significantly increased,which means curcumin can alleviate the abnormal changes of blood physiological and biochemical indexes in AFB1sub-chronic poisoning mice,but there is a significant difference with the blank control group.Between the low-dose protection group and the AFB1 group that was no difference significant.(3)Oxidative stress and inflammatory response.Antioxidant enzymes CAT,SOD activity,T-AOC and GSH contents in serum of exposed mice were significantly decreased,MDA was significantly increased,serum inflammatory factors(IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ)and liver expression of inflammatory genes(IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,i NOS and NF-κB)were significantly increased,indicating that AFB1 stimulates oxidative stress and inflammation.High and medium dose curcumin protected mouse serum CAT,SOD activity,T-AOC,GSH content significantly increased,MDA decreased significantly,serum IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α and IFN-γ contents as well as IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,i NOS and NF-κB gene expression was significantly decreased.It shows that curcumin can play a protective role by significantly enhancing the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory abilities of the exposed mice.Although the low-dose group also has a certain degree of relief,the difference is not significant compared with the AFB1 group.Taken together,the results of this experiment show that sub-chronic intoxication of aflatoxin B1 can lead to injury in mice: growth performance decreased,mental depression and systemic symptoms,tissue damage to liver,kidney and spleen,abnormal number of physiological cells in blood,increased serum transaminase activity,abnormal renal metabolic function,decreased antioxidant enzyme activity,increased peroxide and inflammatory factor content and increased expression of inflammatory genes in the liver.The curcumin has a good protective effect on the damage occurred in exposed mice,but it cannot be completely cured.The protective effects of high-dose(150 mg/kg)and medium-dose(100 mg/kg)curcumin on the exposed mice were generally similar,but the low-dose curcumin(50 mg/kg)had no significant protective effect on sub-chronic aflatoxin B1 poisoning.This study provides reference suggestions for the prevention and control of sub-chronic or chronic poisoning in animals and the development of new feed additives. |
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