| In order to investigate the effects of different intercropping systems on plant growth physiology,soil nutrients,yield and quality of potato(Solanum tuberosum L),soybean(Glycine Max(Linn.)Merr.)and broad bean(Vicia Faba L)in the semi-arid region of Ningxia.Based on two different intercropping systems of potato and soybean and potato and broad bean,the effects of different intercropping systems on the growth and development,plant physiology,plant nitrogen transfer and accumulation,soil nutrients,yield and quality of potato,soybean and broad bean were studied.The results were as follows:1.Potato and soybean intercropping increased the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein in potato leaves and promoted the improvement of their enzyme activities.The potato in PS/P(potato in potato and soybean intercropping system)showed better performance in two years.The value of SPAD,soluble sugar,soluble protein,SS,SPS,GS and NR increased by 6.35%-12.99%,1.16%-12.99%,1.34%-17.09%,4.87%-36.19%,9.27%-40.59%,11.11%-44.44%and 5.42%-14,respectively 2.59%.Intercropping effectively promoted the increase of leaf enzyme activity and accumulation of nitrogen carbon,which provided a certain foundation for potato to resist adverse environment.2.The proportion of nitrogen distribution in leaf of intercropping potato was lower than that in mono-cropping potato,but the proportion of nitrogen distribution in tuber of intercropping potato was higher than that in mono-cropping potato.PS/P of intercropping potato was 4.17%-69.16%higher than that in mono-cropping potato.The nitrogen content of potato roots,stems and leaves increased firstly and then decreased with the advance of growth period,reaching the maximum in tuber formation stage,and the maximum increase in potato and soybean intercropping from seedling stage to tuber formation stage.Nitrogen content in PS/P roots,stems,leaves and tubers increased by 10.63%-97.47%,16.59%-41.59%,2.10%-11.72%and 49.72%-98.69%,respectively,compared with monocultures.The PS/P of potato nitrogen accumulation at tuber forming stage and maturity stage was significantly higher than PB/P(potato in potato and broad bean intercropping system)and P(potato in mono-cropping system),and the overall increase was 0.69%-38.79%.The nitrogen in each part of soybean and broad bean plants was greater in monoculture than in intercropping except for a few periods.The results indicated that potato and soybean intercropping could effectively promote the accumulation and transfer of nitrogen in potato plants,while soybean and broad bean were at a disadvantage.3.In the tuber forming stage and tuber swelling stage,PS/P effectively increased soil total nitrogen content,and decreased soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content.The content of ammonium nitrogen in intercropping soil decreased significantly during the whole growth period.Under different intercropping modes,the content of ammonium nitrogen in soil decreased gradually from seedling stage to maturity stage,and the content of ammonium nitrogen in different soil layers of potato was basically lower than that in mono-cropping potato.The soil no3-N content in intercropping potato was lower than that in monoculture.In soybean and broad bean intercropping potato potato system,soil invertase,catalase,urease and phosphatase content along with the further soil in different growth period were characterized by downward trend,and with the development of growth period after the first increase reduce the trend,in the late tuber formation achieve maximum are decreased,and the second year of enzyme activity and the difference in the first year.These results indicated that intercropping effectively improved soil microenvironment and provided a better growth and development environment for plant growth.4.In 2020,the 100 kernel weight,pod number per plant,pod number per pod and yield of soybean in potato and soybean intercropping system were monoculture>intercropping,while in 2021,the 100 kernel weight was monoculture>intercropping.S(monoculture soybean)was 10.54%higher than PS/S(intercropping soybean),and the number of pod seeds per system was intercropping>monoculture,but the difference was not significant.In 2020,the 100 kernel weight,pod number per plant and pod number of potato and broad bean intercropping system were 2.72%,33.33%and 22.22%higher than PB/B(intercropping broad bean),respectively.In 2021,the 100 grain weights were 2.68%higher than PB/B,respectively.In terms of quality,the contents of crude protein,reducing sugar,total starch and soluble sugar in potato quality indexes were the highest in PS/P treatment.Except for reducing sugar in 2021,the indexes in other treatments were PS/P>PB/P>P,and the quality indexes in 2021 were improved as a whole compared with that in 2020.5.The land equivalent ratio of soybean in potato intercropping was greater than 1,and the interspecific competitiveness of soybean and broad bean in potato intercropping was less than 0,indicating that potato and bean intercropping reduced the competitiveness of resources.The results of principal component analysis and membership function analysis showed that PS/P ranked first,indicating that potato was suitable for intercropping with soybean and broad bean,and the intercropping benefit was good.The potato/soybean intercropping system PS/P had the advantage of intercropping and could significantly increase the yield. |
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