Late Frost Risk Regionalization Of Main Fruit Trees,Apple,Wine Grape And Peach In Ningxia

Frost is one of the main meteorological disasters in Ningxia,which has a great impact on fruit industry in Ningxia,and has become a limiting factor of fruit industry development.As to explore the risk distribution law of frost in ningxia,and on the possible impact of the fruit production,this paper,by using 23 meteorological station in ningxia duration of nearly 40a daily lowest temperature,low temperature(0≤℃)or less frequency,different grades,frost,etc.,together with frost disasters in this area the survey,apple,wine grape,peach used to determine the ningxia area of frost risk evaluation.By introducing risk theory,frost risk(R)is decomposed into the product of hazard factor risk(H),exposure degree of disaster bearing body(E)and vulnerability of disaster bearing body(V).The occurrence frequency of light,medium and heavy frost of three kinds of fruit trees(apple,wine grape and peach)mainly planted in Ningxia and the possible effects of frost of each grade were taken as the evaluation indexes of frost risk.The vulnerability index constructed by the maximum frost tolerance temperature after flowering and the severe frost temperature during the fruit trees’ development period(flowering and leaf-spreading period)was used as the vulnerability evaluation index of the disaster bearing body.The regionalization results of climate suitability of three fruit trees and the actual distribution information of three fruit trees in Ningxia were used as the index to evaluate the exposure degree of disaster bearing bodies.The frost risk index of main fruit trees,apple,wine grape and peach were calculated by using the risk evaluation formula.The ArcGIS small grid calculation method was used to calculate the site data to the surface,and the frost risk index of each grid point was calculated.Finally,natural breakpoint method was used to classify frost risk into high risk,high risk,medium risk and low risk,and complete the frost risk zoning of three fruit trees in Ningxia,providing scientific basis for the layout of fruit tree frost prevention project and industrial development planning in Ningxia.The main results are as follows:1.The high risk areas of apple frost were mainly distributed in most areas of Pengyang,some areas in the northeast of Yuanzhou,eastern Haiyuan,southern Tongxin,eastern Jingyuan and a few areas in the southwest of xiji and Longde border.Medium risk distribution in the central pingluo region,a few areas at the junction of helan east and Xingqing District,northwestern Lingwu,central Hongsibu,eastern Tongxin and some areas at the junction of Yuanzhou and Haiyuan,eastern Pengyang border area;Low risk areas:a few areas in Helan,Xixia,Yongning,Qingtongxia,Litong,Zhongning and Hongsipu,most areas in Yanchi,Tongxin and Haiyuan,a few areas in southeastern Lingwu,Shapotou,Yuanzhou and Jingyuan;Huinong,Dawukou,Helan,Xixia,northwest part of Yongning,central Lingwu,southern Litong,northern Hongsibu,the border area between Haiyuan and Xiji and the border area between Longde and Jingyuan and Yuanzhou,belong to the frostless risk area because of the very low possibility of apple planting.The actual survey shows that the actual distribution areas of Ningxia apple industry are Sunjiatan in Wuzhong,Biandangou in Litong District,Guangwu and Ganchengzi in Qingtongxia,Huangduobu in Yuanzhou District,Honghe River valley in Pengyang and Changcheng Garden,Nanshantaizi in Shapotou District,Qukou,Baima and Mingsha in Zhongning.The actual planting area of apple is mainly in the middle risk area and low risk area of apple frost risk zone in Ningxia.2.The high risk areas of wine grape frost were mainly distributed in the northwest of Yongning,the northwest of Helan,and a few areas in the middle section of hongsibu and Tongxin junction.The middle risk areas are concentrated in the eastern foothills of Helan Mountain and a few areas in the north of Hongsibu,and some areas at the junction of Hongsibu and Tongxin.The low risk areas are huinong,Dawukou,Pingluo,Helan,Xixia district,Yanchi,Hongsibu,Shapotou and tongxin.A few areas in the south of Tongxin,the southeast of Shapotou,the southwest of Haiyuan and the west of Pengyang,yuanzhou district,Xiji,Longde and Jingyuan districts,because other climatic conditions are not suitable for wine grape cultivation,wine grape exposure in these areas is very low,so these areas belong to the frost free zone;According to the actual investigation,the actual distribution areas of ningxia wine grape industry are found in Jinshan of Helan County,Zhenbeibu of Xixia District,Yuquanying of Yongning County,Ganchengzi of Qingtongxia City,Xiaojiayao of Hongsibu district.The actual planting area of wine grape is mainly in the middle risk area and low risk area of wine grape frost risk zone in Ningxia.3.Peach frost high risk areas are mainly distributed in a few areas in the southeast of Pingluo,a few areas in the east of Tongxin,a few areas in the middle of the junction between Yuanzhou and Haiyuan,and most areas in the east and south of Pengyang.The middle risk areas are distributed in the southeast of Huinong,most of the southeast of Pingluo,the northwest of Lingwu,the northeast of Shapotou,the middle of Hongsibu and a small part of the northeast of Tongxin,the border of Haiyuan and Tongxin and a small part of the north of Yuanzhou.The low risk areas are distributed in pingluo,Helan,Jinfeng,Xingqing,Xixia,Yongning,Qingtongxia,Litong district,the middle of ZhongNing,the east of Shapotou,the west of Tongxin and a small part of the middle of Hongsibu.Most areas of northern Ningxia,including the eastern foot of Helan Mountain,Yanchi,Tongxin,Hongsibu,Shapotou,Haiyuan,Xiji,Longde and Jingyuan,have almost no peach planting or potential distribution,and the peach exposure is very low,which is a frost-free risk area.The actual survey found that the actual distribution area of ningxia peach industry in Yongning county shengli town and Lijun town and Minning town,Helan County Jingui town,Zhongning County TaiYangliang town and Shikong town,Litong District Jinyintan town,Lingwu horticulture farm and other places;The actual planting areas of ningxia peach are mainly in the middle and low risk areas of ningxia peach frost risk zone.4.Based on the late of frost risk zoning results of main fruit trees apple,grape and peach in Ningxia,it is suggested to promote apple planting and large-scale production in the middle and low risk areas of apple frost in Yongning,Qingtongxia,Litong District,most areas of Zhongning,southeastern Lingwu and Shapotou.Suggestions in the current wine grape planting core radiation surrounding areas,comprehensive consideration in the wine grapes,low risk area increase the planting scale,promote the development of grape industry scale low risk,such as the helan mountain,Chaqikou,xixia district ZhenBeiBu,yongning county development zone,along the mountain qingtongxia dove mountain,tall subdomain and HongSiBu district Xiaojiayao,BaZhuang,TanZhuang zi,LiuZhuang,Tongxin County’ Weizhou,and Xiamaguan,Xiaonangou of Huinong District,Hongde of Hongsibao District,Gongquanpo of Qingtongxia City,TaiYangliang of Zhongning County,Yingshui Bridge of Shapotou District and other areas;It is suggested to promote peach planting in helan Jangui,Zhengshaqu of Yongning,Zhongning’ TaiyangLiang town and Shikong town,litong District,most areas of Jinyintan and lingwu horticulture farm surrounding radiation area,and promote moderate scale development.