Dynamic Development Analysis Of Fruit And Accumulation Of Mineral Elements And Nutrients In The Fruit Development Of Zanthoxylum Armatum DC.

Zanthoxylum armatum DC.has a long history,and are widely distributed spice oil medicinal combination economic tree species in china.Recently,Z.armatum DC.has been now planted widely for its drought resistance and strong adaptability.However,its fruit yield and quality are still at a low level due to the lack of basic research and the limitation of technical conditions.Studies of Z.armatum DC.mainly were focused on seedling,cultivation,food,harvesting,medicine,etc.,but there is no relative reports on fruit development.In this study,we selected fruit of Z.armatum DC.as material,and designed the dynamic sampling time during the process of fruit development,and analyzed the dynamic change characteristics of fruit shape,mineral elements,nutrient components.Moreover,the correlation between fruit shape,mineral elements,nutrient components,and the accumulation of mineral,nutrient elements during the development process were discussed.These studies will help to understand the dynamic change and accumulation characteristics of mineral,nutrient elements in the developing fruit,and provide important experimental data and theory for the cultivation,management,fertilization and harvest period of Z.armatum DC..(1)Results show that the fruits of Z.armatum DC.appear double "S" type development,present "fast-slow-fast growth rate,the change rule of fruit to mature to 84 d,mainly divides into" the young fruit development period(the flushing-T0 period)-rapid development period(T0-T2 period,prophase development)-slow development period(T2-T8 period,mid development)-a rapid development period(T8-T9 period,late development)-maturity(T9-T11 period)".(2)The contents of acylamide substance and polyphenols in the pericarp varied with the development period,and the maximum content was 21.26±0.33 mg/g and 147.71±3.02 mg/g presented at T8.At the same time,the numb-taste quality and antioxidant function were the best,and the fresh weight and flavonoids of the fruit were up to 76.26±3.32 mg/g and 28.82± 1.45 mg/g.The fruit shape and appearance were also relatively good.This finding suggested that the best harvest period was between late June and early July.(3)N,P,K and other elements in the pericarp significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of its fresh matter.Previous studies suggested that N,P,Mg and other elements significantly promoted the synthesis and accumulation of its acylamide substance,polyphenol and flavonoid compounds.The dry weight of seed K,Ca,Mg increased significantly.(4)The key periods of fruit shape formation,fresh weight accumulation and pericarp acylamide substance formation and accumulation were between middle April and middle May as well as between middle June and late June,respectively.Thus,sufficient nutrition may be ensure the accumulation of fresh matter,acylamide substance,polyphenol and flavonoid in these two periods,and it is necessary to take appropriate measures to supplement water and increase fertilizer.(5)The fresh weight,acylamide substance and polyphenols in peel were negatively correlated with the ratioes of C/N,C/P and N/P.The faster growth rate led to the lower ratioes C/N,C/P,and N/P,and on the contrary,the slower the growth rate led to the higher ratio of C/N,C/P,N/P.(6)These findings suggested that N is the limiting element in the fruit development process of Z.armatum DC.,and P is over supplied.However,N is relatively insufficient,and N fertilizer should be added appropriately.Based on the above results,these findings supported that there are significant correlations between fresh weight,nutrients element,mineral elements accumulation and the morphogenetic characteristics,and reflecting the dynamic changes of nutrient gain-loss balance during the cultivation management.These findings are helpful to provide theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management during the cultivation process of Z.armatum DC..However,the metabolic pathway and accumulation mechanism of acylamide substance are still unclear.Further research will focus on the expression level of acylamide substance related genes and the dynamics changes of related molecules during the metabolic pathway in the developing Z.armatum DC.fruit,and explore the synthesis and accumulation mechanism of acylamide substance in Z.armatum DC..