Fruit Growth And Development And Dynamic Change Of Nutrient Substance In Xuancheng Pawpaw

The fruit of Chaenomeles speciosa S. Nakai(called Xuancheng Pawpaw) is one of the rare Chinese medicine specialty in anhui province,which has high nutritional value.It is rich in amino acids,organic,acids,vitamins, carotenoids, pectin, saponins, flavonoids and macro-elements such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium, kalium, magnesium, micro-elements such as iron, zinc, manganese.Oleanolic acid contained in Xuancheng pawpaw has special effects in protecting liver, inhibiting bacterium and virus, reducing blood lipid and blood glucose and so on.Four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars,'Luohanqi','Xiaopingguo','Changxiang'and'Yesheng'were materials in this expriment. This experiment studied content characteristics of crude protein, total sugar, reductive sugar, pectin, and mineral elements such as N,P,K,Mg,Na, firstly explored the growth of pawpaw fruit and content accumulation rules of mineral elements (N, P, K, Mg), crude protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, pectin,the content characteristics and dynamic changes of Oleanolic Acid during fruit development period (April -July).The results were as follows:1.Different Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars had different variation curves of fruit vertical diameter. Luohanqi had not an obvious the peak of growth during fruit development. The variation curves of Changxiang was"S"-type.The variation curves of horizontal diameter were similar, and they were all"S"-type.2.The fruit weight growth-curve of four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) were all"S"-type. Different Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars had different variation regularities of fruit weight growth based on their different biological characteristics.3.Four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) had the same changes of fruit water content during fruit development:in the initial stage of the fruit growth ,the fruit water content was high and reduced with the fruit expansion,and curve inflection point of water content were all observed at the end of April.4.The ranks of the nutrient contents in four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) leaf were as follows, N:Yesheng>Luohanqi>Changxiang > Xiaopingguo; P:Yesheng > Luohanqi > Xiaopingguo > Changxiang; K:Yesheng > Xiaopingguo > Luohanqi > Changxiang; Mg:Luohanqi > Xiaopingguo >Yesheng > Changxiang;Na:Changxiang > Yesheng > Xiaopingguo > Luohanqi. The highest contents of total N (23.3 g/kg) , total P (5.19 g/kg) and total K (6.88 g/kg) were in fruit of Yesheng Xuancheng Pawpaw. The lowest contents of total P (3.09 g/kg), total K (4.23 g/kg) and total Mg (1.53 g/kg) were in fruit of Changxiang Xuancheng Pawpaw.5.The ranks of the nutrient contents in four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) fruit were as follows, N:Yesheng>Luohanqi>Xiaopingguo > Changxiang; P:Yesheng > Xiaopingguo > Luohanqi > Changxiang; K: Xiaopingguo>Yesheng>Luohanqi>Changxiang; Mg:Luohanqi>Yesheng=Changxiang>Xiaopingguo;Na: Luohanqi>Xiaopingguo>Yesheng>Changxiang. The Contents of total N in four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) fruit had obvious difference(the maximum gap reached 7.2),next came total P(2.61) and the third rank was Mg(0.04)and Na(0.18).6.During fruit development, the content changes of N, P, K and Mg in different Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars fruit were similar. The contents of N, P, K and Mg in young fruit were the highest and gradually deceased with the rapid increase of young fruit.The decreasing trend of N and P content in leaf of Xuancheng Pawpaw was consistent. The content changes of K, Mg and N, P in leaf of Xuancheng Pawpaw were slightly different.N content in leaf of Xuancheng Pawpaw was gradually deceased. P content in leaf of in leaf of Xuancheng Pawpaw was sharply deceased from mid-april to the end of April. P content in leaf of Xuancheng Pawpaw was relatively stable. The changes of Mg content were basically similar in Xuancheng Pawpaw leaf. The rising inflection point of Mg content was found in the middle of June.7.The contents of crude protein, total sugar, reductive sugar and pectin in the fruit of four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) were different. The Contents of total sugar and reductive sugar in four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars fruit were obviously different (the maximum gap reached 4.55% and 2.01%), and the last rank was pectin content. The contents of crude protein and pectin in Yesheng Xuancheng Pawpaw were the highest in the four cultivars, but the contents of total sugar and reductive sugar were the lowest. The contents of crude protein and reductive sugar in different Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars fruit were gradually deceased with the rapid increase of young fruit, and the pectin content was gradually increased.8.The content of Oleanolic Acid (OA) in the fruit of four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) was significantly different. The fruit of Yesheng Xuancheng Pawpaw contented the highest content of Oleanolic Acid (15.24 mg/g), the fruit of Xiaopingguo Xuancheng Pawpaw contented the lowest content of Oleanolic Acid (8.89 mg/g). The ranks of the content of Oleanolic Acid in four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars (Luohanqi, Xiaopingguo, Changxiang and Yesheng) fruit were as follows: Yesheng>Changxiang>Luohanqi>Xiaopingguo. Oleanolic acid content's change curve all appeared two growth peaks (from April to May and after mid-June) in four Xuancheng Pawpaw cultivars fruit during fruit development.