Development Of Agricultural Machinery Field Soil Trough System

At present in China,the soil trough for agricultural machinery testing are built in laboratory.There are many problems,such as the difference of the soil characteristics between the soil trough and the field,and the poor adaptability of soil trough for different agricultural machinery tests.Aiming to solve these problems,this paper developed a new set of field soil trough system for agricultural machinery based on the working condition in South China.This soil trough test system is adapted for the testing of machineries of rotary tillage and sowing.The main research results in this study are as follows:(1)The research status and deficiencies of laboratorial testing soil trough in China and abroad were analyzed,A large-scale field soil trough test system platform for agricultural machinery was proposed,and the working principle and structural characteristics of this system were elaborated.The test system platform is composed of field soil trough infrastructure system,walking trolley,test trolley,and measurement and control system,etc.The effective working length and width are 70 m and 16 m respectively,and the working speed of the walking trolley is stepless adjustable within 0～5 km/h.Once the test results data was collected,it would be stored,displayed,analyzed and processed by the measurement and control system automatically.(2)ANSYS Workbench was performed for finite element simulation analysis and optimization of the walking trolley rail and trolley frame.Results showed that: a)the maximum deformation of the walking trolley rail under load is greatly reduced compared with before optimization(less than the allowableness value);b)the vibration frequency range was 0～12.647 Hz;c)the maximum amplitude was 2.09 mm;d)the maximum deformation amount with loading was 32.32 mm;e)the maximum stress amplitude was75.338 MPa(less than the allowable value of 180 MPa);f)the vibration frequency range was 3.833～52.701 Hz.Results showed that these values were significantly optimized after optimization,and the structure of this system is reasonable and has excellent resistance to deformation,which meets the safety design requirements.The power servo drive device of the walking trolley was designed,the power output shaft speed was 0～1200 rpm,the transmission ratio was 1:40,the motor power was 11 k W,the driving force as 7.35 k N,and the traction weight was more than 1500 kg.(3)The overall structure of the test trolley was designed: a)the power of the drive motor corresponding to the driving force of 11.235 k N was determined to be 7.5 k W;b)the transmission ratio of the transmission system was 1:40;c)the structure parameters of hydraulic cylinder,hydraulic pressure,the pump and oil tank capacity of the hydraulic system.A general suspension device that can suspend different agricultural machineries was designed,the maximum lifting force is 20.416 k N,maximum vertical load is 12.25 k N,which meet the requirements of agricultural machinery suspension and the design specifications.(4)The measurement and control system was designed based on PLC,a series of agricultural sensors and high-speed cameras were employed in this system.The walking trolley with the test trolley can be controlled and moving on the guide rail at a constant speed,it can move at least 50 m on the guide rail,it can be controlled accurately the lateral movement of the test trolley on the trolley frame,lifting agricultural machinery,and the working angle of the suspend agricultural machine.The communication between sensor,high-speed camera,and wireless communication of the test device were illustrated.The performance of different agricultural machineries and components can be tested by this system,the test data can be collected and the working status of test trolley can be monitored.(5)The construction,installation,operation and commissioning of the field agricultural machinery test system platform were completed.The features of this test system platform are: a)the walking trolley rail has a good load-bearing effect;b)it is convenient to the drainage and irrigation in the soil trough;c)the working trolley has the features of strong deformability,stable driving,it can be started and stop quickly;d)it is convenient for the replacement of test equipment on the test trolley tools;e)hydraulic lifting and adjustment are reliable.The test results of direct seeding machine and the rotary tiller by using this test system platform showed that: a)the structure of field soil trough test system platform designed in this study is reasonable;b)the control is accurate and the response is rapid,and the working condition is good.With the aim to improve the working performance of the test system,different agricultural machineries would be tested in this system in the future.