Identification Of GRF Gene Family And Analysis Of PheGRF11 Molecular Characterization In Moso Bamboo(Phyllostachys Edulis)

Moso bamboo is one of the most important economic bamboo species in the world.It,possessing the high ecological value and long cultivation history,is widely used for wood,food,medicine,papermaking,and wind-break and sand-fixation.Growth-regulating factor(GRFs)is a plant specific small transcription factorwhose members play an important role in the growth and development of various plants.To date,there have been a lot of reports about the identification and functional analysis of theGRF family,including rice,miaze,poplar and tea,etc.In this study,Moso bamboo was used as material to conduct a comprehensive study of theGRF family.First,we identified 18 GRF genes from the Moso Bamboo genome,and analyzed their gene structures and conserved motifs.Secondly,the expression level of GRF gene in different tissues or developmental stages and hormone-induced expression level were analyzed by tissue expression pattern and fluorescence quantitative(q RT-PCR).Subsequently,we performed experimental analyses of the molecular characteristics of PheGRF11 such as subcellular localization.The research results are as follows:1.Identified and characterized 18 GRF genes from the moso bamboo genome,which were divided into three subfamilies(subfamily A,B and C).PheGRFsmotif composition and exon/intron structure were analyzed,which showed that most members have conservative structural characteristics in the same subfamily.2.Moso bamboo GRFswereperformed to selection pressure analysis by Ka/Ks calculation.The Ka/Ks ratios of homologous gene pairs were both less than 1,indicating that theGRF family had mainly undergone purification selectionduring evolution.The distribution of Ks values ofhomologous pairs(Phe-Phe)ranged from 0.093 to 0.476,indicating that the moso bamboo GRF gene experienced a large-scale replication event approximately 7.18 to 36.65 million years ago.3.The heat map analysis showed that GRFs were involved in the formation and development of various tissues and organs.Eighteen GRF genes were performed to hormone-induced expression through q RT-PCR,indicating that PheGRF genes were regulated by hormones,which implied that GRFsmight play a key role in regulating hormone feedback mechanisms and physiological processes.GO annotation analysis showed that PheGRFswere involved in the regulation of biological processes in plant development.The moso bamboo GRF promoter also contained a large number of hormone-related elements,suggesting that they might be necessary to regulate hormone feedback mechanisms.These results indicated that PheGRFs might be involved in regulating biological processes during plant development.4.PheGRF11 was a nuclear localization protein evaluated by subcellular localization analysis.It could interact with PheGIFs in yeast and plant based on yeast two-hybrid and Bi FC analyses.But PheGRF11 had no transcriptional activity in yeast.