Archaeobotanical Research On Pre-Qin Agriculture:Evidence From Plant Remains Of Huangtuya Site In Zibo

Huangtuya Site,located in the north of Shandong Province,is a large-scale site in the Xiaoqing River basin。This site lasted from Longshan period to Shang and Zhou Dynasties with a wide range of cultural relics.This article presents a preliminary study combining macrobotanical and phytolith analyses to explore plant utilization and crop processing at Huangtuya Site.The study shows that this site maintained a relatively stable agricultural structure as well as the crop processing pattern.The ancestors mainly carried out small-scale crop processing in the site,most of which were in the later stage of crop processing,such as husking and raising field.The evidence of early crop processing was not abundant.This paper also explores the influence of the change of social organization structure on the survival economy,which involves the distribution of land and food resources,the labor organization and the governance of Shang in Shandong Province.In terms of resource allocation,the resources available to different groups were unbalanced.In terms of labor organization,the site mobilized a large number of labors in the harvest season during the Longshan and Yueshi periods.During the Shang and Zhou Dynasties,people carried out more daily processing,but reduced the allocation of labor in the harvest season and instead carried out more daily processing during the Shang and Zhou Dynasties.In the late Shang period,Shang rulers paid more attention to military affairs and culture than agricultural production limited control was adopted in Shandong,which was a kind of honeycombed rule in the big political landscape.