| With the continuous advancement of the comprehensive tourism strategy,rural areas are gradually becoming important carriers of comprehensive tourism due to their diverse and heterogeneous ecological foundations,green production methods,simple rural customs,and abundant agricultural products.Rural comprehensive tourism realizes the sharing and complementarity of urban and rural resources,promotes the continuous upgrading of the primary and secondary industries in rural areas,injects new impetus into their economic transformation and quality improvement,and becomes an important means to achieve rural revitalization.However,under the influence of ecological changes and increasingly intensive human activities,the landscape pattern of rural areas has undergone drastic changes.As a crucial link between urban and rural areas,the county level is the main battlefield for implementing the rural revitalization strategy and promoting urban-rural integration.In counties with outstanding contradictions between excellent ecological endowment,economic development,and ecological protection,it is urgent to explore the development path of "transforming two mountains and empowering greenness".With the continuous expansion of the functional roles of numerous towns,they have gradually become important supports for regional economic and social development.The optimization of the regional land use landscape pattern,as the foundation for county-level tourism development and rural revitalization,is crucial for promoting the sustainable development of the county-level ecological environment.To optimize the ecological county-level land use resource structure and build a sustainable landscape pattern,this article adopts the theories of land use/land cover and landscape ecology.It traces the spatiotemporal differentiation process of ecological county-level land use through source analysis,clarifies the intrinsic driving forces of landscape spatial pattern evolution,scientifically simulates development states under multiple objective scenarios,and finally comprehensively selects and determines the key tasks for optimizing the county-level spatial land use landscape pattern.In order to verify the practical effect of theoretical application,this study takes Hongya County,Meishan City,Sichuan Province as the research object.Through field surveys,data collection and statistics,remote sensing technology,and geographic information system technology,the land use conversion from 2010 to 2020 in Hongya County is visually analyzed and quantitatively studied.Combined with cutting-edge theories and actual interviews,the specific evolution mechanism and characteristics of land use and landscape pattern in Hongya County are qualitatively studied.In addition,based on the Markov-PLUS model,the land use spatial pattern of Hongya County in 2030 is predicted and analyzed under the scenarios of natural development,urban construction,and ecological protection.By comparing the simulation results of different scenarios,the balance between the development needs of ecological county-level areas and ecological patterns is explored,and optimization strategies for the land use landscape pattern in Hongya County are proposed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the land use data of Hongya County in Meishan City in 2010,2015,and2020,using data analysis and spatial quantification software such as Arc GIS,ENVI,and Fragstats,the conversion of land use types,spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of landscape ecology,and driving factors in the region are studied.The study explores the scope and importance of the natural ecology and socio-economic driving forces in the evolution of landscape patterns.The results show that the main landscape type in Hongya County is forest land,which accounted for over 64% throughout the study period.Cultivated land is the second largest,but the overall amount has decreased.The area of construction land shows a steady increase trend.The evolution trend of grassland is consistent with that of forest land.The water area shows a significant decrease in the later stage,while the unused land has the smallest proportion and little change in magnitude.The comprehensive dynamic degree of land use between 2010 and 2015 and between 2015 and 2020 is 0.09% and 0.58%,respectively.Overall,the land use structure in the research area tends to be balanced,and there are significant changes between the two periods.(2)Based on landscape ecology theory,the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of the landscape pattern in Hongya County from 2010 to 2020 are analyzed and interpreted from two levels: patch types(Class)and overall landscape(Landscape).The results show that at the patch type level,based on the ecological conservation practices in Hongya County over the past decade,the landscape fragmentation of various land classes has continuously decreased.Cultivated land and forest land,as the dominant land classes,have gradually increased in patch aggregation.Water bodies have significantly degraded due to climate disasters,and the morphology of construction land patches has become more complex with the deepening urbanization process.At the overall landscape level,the scattered landscape land classes in Hongya County have been continuously consolidated and integrated.The southern part of the county has relatively homogeneous landscape land classes,while diverse and heterogeneous landscapes have shifted towards the central towns in the northern part of the county.The growth of landscape patches has become more uniform,and connectivity has improved.Under the context of ecological governance,the overall landscape pattern in Hongya County tends to be stable,and ecosystem services gradually improve.(3)Based on the Markov-PLUS model,the influence of internal driving factors on different land use types within the landscape pattern is evaluated,and the development status of the landscape pattern in 2030 under three scenarios-natural development,ecological protection,and urban construction-is simulated.The evolution characteristics of land use types are analyzed accordingly.The results show that the degree of transformation of different land use types varies under different scenario simulations,but there is a certain similarity in the increase and decrease of landscape patches.Overall,based on the experience of urban-rural construction and ecological protection in Hongya County over the past decade,the forest land in the county has been well restored,showing a continuous and steady growth trend.As the proportion of the tertiary industry in the county’s economy gradually increases,some construction land has been converted back to cultivated land.At the same time,under the guidance of existing experience,the simulations for natural development and urban development scenarios in 2030 both show a significant reduction in water area,highlighting the increasingly prominent issue of water ecological security in the county.(4)Based on the above research results,it is concluded that the key tasks for future construction in Hongya County focus on water ecological restoration,deepening the practice of returning farmland to forests,and maintaining the stability of the landscape pattern.Therefore,landscape ecological planning and optimization strategies for Hongya County are proposed to establish a stable and sustainable county-level landscape pattern.The goal is to achieve the harmonious coexistence of nature and culture,and the coordination of economy and society,providing reference and guidance for similar ecological county-level and town planning. |
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