| With the increasingly serious environmental problems,energy-conservation and emission-reduction has become a key area that cannot be ignored in the architecture section.At the same time,the improvement of living standards makes people realize the importance of health,and the health performance of built environment has become a livelihood issue that people pay attention to.The teaching buildings has a large volume and the scale is still growing,which bears the heavy responsibility of emission reduction and creating a healthy indoor environment.However,at present,the per capita energy consumption of teaching buildings is large,and with the increase of classroom equipment,its operating energy consumption is still growing at an annual rate of 5%-10%.In addition,the health performance of classroom environment is poor,especially in aspects of daylighting,temperature and air quality.Therefore,the appropriate health and low-carbon technology for teaching buildings remains to be studied.Based on this background,this paper constructs the optimization model of classroom form,components and envelope under the goal of low energy consumption and high health performance.And the list of health and energy-conservation technologies is obtained.In addition,the optimal technologies of health and low-carbon design of teaching buildings is given considering the life-cycle carbon emission,health performance and economy.Firstly,from the perspective of juvenile students,this paper summarizes 173 literatures on the influence of classroom environment on the physical and mental health of primary and secondary school students in the past 20 year.From four aspects of sound,light,heat and air quality,10 key indicators of classroom indoor environment that have significant influence on the health of students and their influence thresholds were sorted out.And thus this paper proposes the evaluation method of classroom environmental health performance.Based on this method,this investigation monitored the indoor physical environment of 13 primary and secondary schools in Hangzhou,and found the main problems of the classroom environment,which include insufficient natural lighting,uneven illumination distribution,high temperature in summer and cold in winter,and high concentration of CO2 and PM2.5.Secondly,through literature analysis and drawings investigation of 50 primary and secondary schools,10 classroom types are extracted,and the range of relevant design parameters is determined.The multi-objective optimization models of health performance and energy-consumption are established respectively to optimize the shape,components and envelope.The optimization parameters of shape include classroom orientation,width,depth,floor height,corridor depth,window-wall ratio.The optimization parameters of components include the window type and sill height,the depth of shade and light shelf.The optimization parameters of envelope include insulation performance of exterior wall and roof,insulation materials and selection of exterior window.By optimization,the shape type and parameter value,the design strategy of components and the optimization scheme of envelope are obtained.Finally,based on the optimization model,the fitness health and energy-conservation technologies in the design of shape,components and envelope are obtained.The evaluation indices of technical strategy optimization is established in order to reduce the life-cycle carbon emission,improve the health performance of the classroom and control the incremental costs.From the three aspects of carbon-reduction,health and economy,this paper establishes the list of optimal technical strategies for health and low-carbon design of teaching buildings.The research results can provide reference for the health and low-carbon development of primary and secondary school buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter areas,which helps achieve the goals of energy-conservation and carbon-reduction of teaching buildings,and improving the health performance of learning environment. |
