| Park green space can provide social interaction and fitness exercise places for the elderly,and can meet their needs from physical and psychological aspects.With the advent of the "silver-haired era",the demand of the elderly for recreational activities in parks and green spaces is increasing,but the spatial layout and internal environment of parks and green spaces have not been changed in time to actively respond to the challenges of population aging.From an age-friendly perspective,the overall spatial layout and internal environment characteristics of park green spaces are judged based on the preferences of the elderly for recreation.The spatial layout provides a guarantee for the elderly to go to park green spaces for recreation activities,and the internal environment provides high-quality green spaces for various activities of the elderly,which can help to truly meet the needs of the elderly for park green spaces in terms of accessibility,playability,and playability.This study firstly compares the domestic and international studies on park green space recreation preference,spatial layout and environmental aging,and constructs a research theoretical framework based on the theory of elderly-friendly,fairness and environmental behavior theory.Secondly,the completed parks in Jiangan District of Wuhan City are used as the research object to evaluate the current situation of spatial layout,which consists of three parts: calculating the neighborhood accessibility index using Ga2 SFCA method,conducting spatial quantitative analysis of neighborhood accessibility in Jiangan District,exploring the resource allocation of park green spaces among the elderly groups using Loren Z curve and Gini coefficient;extracting the hot spots of elderly people’s concern to construct an evaluation system Then,we calculate the supply quality index of each park and spatially quantify the supply quality of parks in Jiangan District;we use Bi LISA method to comprehensively analyze the 3 levels of key control areas,general control areas and coordinated development areas.Then,typical parks in the coordinated development area are selected for environmental fitness analysis,which consists of two parts: three types of typical parks in the coordinated development area are selected for survey,and the preferences of elderly people’s recreational activities are analyzed in terms of activity types,temporal and spatial characteristics of activities and spatial characteristics of typical activities;spatial suitability(F1),facility support(F2),environmental comfort(F3),characteristic attractiveness(F4),spatial service(F5),dynamic activities(H1)and static activities(H2),and construct a structural equation model to explore the influence paths and magnitude of the five environmental characteristics on the preference of dynamic and static recreational activities of the elderly.Finally,spatial layout and aging-friendly environment optimization strategies are proposed.The main findings of this study are as follows:(1)Spatial layout level: there is an obvious uneven distribution of park green space in Jiangan District,Wuhan.The overall accessibility of the district is at a medium to high level,and the distribution of park green space resources is generally reasonable for the elderly;the overall quality of park supply is low,with only 8 parks reaching the average level(0.16).The Bi LISA method was used to identify 23 key control communities,27 general control communities and 17 coordinated development communities.(2)Environmental fitness level: It was found that elderly people prefer to do physical fitness-type activities in parks,and prefer to go to parks for recreational activities on nonworking days than on working days,and dynamic activities are mostly concentrated in square spaces,while static activities are mostly without fixed activity spaces.Except for spatial serviceability(F5),which only promotes dynamic activities,all other dimensions promote dynamic and static activities.According to the path coefficients,F1(0.372)> F3(0.304)> F2(0.232)> F4(0.133)> F5(0.131)for dynamic activities,and F1(0.274)> F2(0.206)> F3(0.195)> F4(0.151)for static activities.(3)Optimization strategy: With the orientation of senior-friendly and comprehensive consideration of elderly people’s recreation preferences,the optimization strategy is proposed at two levels: at the level of spatial layout,"integrate parkland and new pocket parks" is proposed for key control areas,and "improve the quality of parks and accessibility" is proposed for general control areas.At the level of spatial layout,the optimization strategy of "integrating parkland and building new pocket parks" is proposed for key control areas,"improving park quality and enhancing regional accessibility" is proposed for general control areas,and "safeguarding park services and coordinating stable development" is proposed for coordinated development areas;at the level of environmental ageing,14 specific measures are proposed from five environmental ageing dimensions.This study constructs a spatial layout and environmental ageing research framework from an age-friendly perspective,taking into account the preferences of the elderly in terms of travel,activities and the environment,complements the methodology of the study,and proposes park optimization suggestions to improve spatial accessibility and environmental ageing.It is of theoretical and practical guidance. |
