Spatial-temporal Changes Of Green Space Recreation Services In The Main Urban Area Of Wuhan Under The Background Of COVID-19

The sudden outbreak of COVID-19 in early 2020 has had a serious impact on the physical and mental health of urban residents.As the main urban public space for residents to enjoy outdoor recreation and get close to nature,green space plays an important role in providing residents with open and safe activity space after the epidemic,relieving residents’ mental pressure,and promoting residents’ health.Under the background of the epidemic,clarifying the changes in the recreational behavior of residents or tourists and guiding the rapid recovery of the recreational service function of green spaces are important issues that need to be considered.At present,most researches focus on the changes in the recreational needs of residents or tourists before and after the epidemic,the comparison of tourism flow characteristics,and the management of green space development in the post-epidemic era,ignoring the changes in urban green space recreation hotspots and recreational flows in the context of the epidemic.This study takes the main urban area of Wuhan as the research area,and uses Arc GIS spatial analysis and social network analysis to analyze the temporal and spatial change characteristics of green space recreational services in 2020 and 2021 from the two levels of recreational service hotspots and recreational service networks,and proposes green space Strategies for coping with the epidemic in space.It not only provides a new perspective for the study of recreational services,but also provides a certain guiding significance for the development and construction of green space in Wuhan in the postepidemic era.The main findings are as follows:(1)In 2020,the green space recreation visit in the main urban area of Wuhan has mainly gone through three stages.The first is the early stage of the unblocking of Wuhan(from March 27 to April 6),the number of visitors to green space began to increase rapidly but the increase was limited.From April 7 to May 12,the number of tourist visits showed an upward trend,but the growth rate began to gradually decline,which was a stable recovery period.From May 13 to July 5,the growth rate of green space visits gradually stabilized,and the overall level showed a stable trend,which was a period of stable fluctuations.(2)The spatial distribution characteristics of green space recreational use in the main urban area of Wuhan will change in 2020 and 2021.In 2020,the hot spots of recreational services in Wuhan in the early stage of unblocking were distributed in the “northeastsouthwest” direction;in the stable recovery period in 2020,the direction of the distribution of service hot spots gradually weakened,and the service hot spots in the stable fluctuation period were distributed;in 2021,the service hot spots in the normal control period showed a Distribution in the "northwest-southeast" direction.The clustering characteristics of green spaces with high recreational service efficiency show a strengthening trend.In the normal comparison period in 2021,the number of green spaces with "high" service efficiency agglomeration is three times that of the pre-unblocking period in Wuhan in 2020.In addition,the temporal distribution characteristics of recreational use of green space also changed.In 2020,the number of visitors to green spaces on weekdays reached a steady state faster than on rest days,but most of the time,the number of visitors to the green space on rest days was larger than that on working days.Before the unblocking of Wuhan in 2020,the number of visitors to the green space at 15:00 was more.After the unblocking of Wuhan,the number of visitors to the green space at 18:00 began to increase.By the normal control period of 2021,the number of visitors to the green space at 18:00 has remained the largest.(3)The overall structure and hierarchical structure of the green space recreation service network in the main urban area of Wuhan have changed.In the early stage of Wuhan’s unblocking in 2020,the number of green spaces and recreational flow relationships included in the recreational service network were relatively small,and there was no network hierarchy or cluster relationship.During the stable recovery period in 2020,the number of recreational flow relationships in the recreational service network will increase significantly,and the strength of the relationship will be significantly enhanced,and the recreational service connections between green spaces will be closer.In addition,there are two core levels of green space in the recreational service network,namely Yellow Crane Tower and Hankou River Beach,and a relatively balanced cluster structure also appears.In the normal comparison period of 2021,the scale of the recreational service network is the largest,the number of recreational flow relationships is the largest,and the recreational service connection between green spaces is the most closely.The number of nodes at the core level has increased to 4,including Yellow Crane Tower,Hankou River Beach,Qingchuan Pavilion and Donghu Moshan Scenic Spot,and the cluster relationship is a structure with a larger-scale cluster as the core.(4)The status and role of nodes in the green space recreation service network have changed.In the early stage of Wuhan’s unblocking in 2020,the centrality of each green space is not very different.Among them,the East Lake Luoyan Scenic Spot has a relatively prominent position in the network.During the stable recovery period in 2020,the Yellow Crane Tower has the strongest distribution,intermediary and connection capabilities for recreational flows.In the normal comparison period of 2021,the Yellow Crane Tower has the strongest distribution ability for recreational flow,while the Hankou River Beach has the strongest intermediary and connection ability.(5)Based on the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of green space recreational services in the main urban area of Wuhan under the background of the COVID-19 epidemic,this study proposes three strategies for improving the green space service system,coordinating the recreational use of green space and optimizing the green space service network.In the future,when the epidemic occurs,green space can play its recreational service function fairly,effectively,and safely,and after the epidemic,green space recreational services can recover faster and provide assistance for better development.