Study On The Morphological Characteristics Of Large-scale Residential Courtyards In Central Zhejiang

Traditional Chinese dwellings are a precious heritage of Chinese civilization,carrying the historical memory of the family and representing the most distinctive cultural symbols of the country and nation.During the Ming and Qing dynasties,there were many talented people and merchants in the central region of Zhejiang.The residential areas where they lived were not only part of the excellent cultural carrier,but also witnesses to the history of the central region of Zhejiang;As an important component of traditional residential buildings,courtyards have important reference value in terms of spatial form,scale,and composition for the creation of new Chinese style buildings and courtyards.However,due to the rapid development of urbanization,large residential courtyards have been severely damaged.How to protect traditional courtyard style residential buildings and how to apply and inherit the layout of traditional residential courtyards is worth in-depth research.This thesis takes large-scale residential buildings in central Zhejiang as the research object,analyzes the space form and constituent elements of the courtyard,explores the internal generation logic of large-scale residential buildings,excavates the relevant scale and proportion laws,explores the influence mechanism of the formation of the courtyard form and the internal implied cultural driving force,and clarifies the rules and principles of courtyard construction through field research on its courtyard,mathematical statistics and space syntax,Provide detailed data support for the protection,inheritance,and restoration of large-scale residential buildings,and provide theoretical support and practical reference for the courtyard construction of modern traditional architecture.(1)Analysis of the Spatial Morphological Characteristics of Large Residential Courtyards in Central Zhejiang ProvinceAnalyze the generation logic of the spatial form of large-scale residential courtyards from four perspectives: settlement environment,planar form,spatial scale,and spatial combination.Research has shown that(1)the external layout of the courtyard is in the form of a circular temple,astrological,linear,and core style,with the main site selection being the water type on the back of the mountain,but there is a mountain type around the water surface;(2)The flat form is a single courtyard with a concave shape(99%)as the main form,and a combination of vertical multi entry,horizontal courtyard style,and bidirectional courtyard style;(3)On a spatial scale,the most widely used composition ratio in ancient China was verified to be 1.4;The ratio of depth to width of residential patios is concentrated between 0.5 and 0.65;In courtyard style courtyards,there is a positive correlation between the depth of the main hall and the width of the courtyard,with an overall ratio close to 4:5;On this basis,taking depth or width as the basic unit,a proportional model for deducing typical spaces of multi entry courtyards and compound courtyards was constructed.(4)Graphical analysis was conducted on the internal organizational form,and it was found that the entrance is connected to the external streets and alleys in three ways: separation,connection,and connection.For the first time,the front and rear courtyards were divided into hall direct connection,wall direct connection,alley connection,small courtyard connection,and corridor connection,which can be used as a basis for creating modern courtyards or residential spaces.(2)Analysis on the Characteristics of the Constituent Elements of Large Residential Courtyards in Central Zhejiang ProvinceBased on research results,in-depth analysis is conducted on four aspects: the constituent elements of a single courtyard,the constituent elements of a courtyard landscape,the constituent elements of a courtyard interface,and the constituent elements of a courtyard decoration.The characteristics of the internal constituent elements of large residential courtyards and their reflected cultural connotations are obtained,and then the types and corresponding scales of various architectural spaces and connecting transportation spaces are summarized;Sort out a plant configuration method that features osmanthus flowers planted alone in the corner of the wall,iron trees planted on both sides of the courtyard,paired with flower pots.Use symbolic and functional small landscape forms to decorate the front yard with stone strips and the back yard with pebble strips;Summarize the corresponding characteristics of residential doors,screen walls,courtyard walls,and internal doors and windows;Extract decorative art and cultural themes such as "praying for blessings and blessings","ethical education",and "exorcism and disaster prevention",providing reference design language for the construction of "New Chinese style residential buildings" and "New Chinese style courtyards".(3)Analysis of Factors Influencing the Formation of Large Residential Courtyards in Central Zhejiang ProvinceThrough mathematical statistics,picture comparison and space syntax,this thesis analyzes the influencing factors of the formation of large-scale residential courtyards in central Zhejiang,and further analyzes the mechanism between the regional inheritance factors of residential buildings and the influencing factors of physical geography and human culture.The results indicate that differences in identity backgrounds have had a significant impact on the planar form,courtyard structure,and landscape composition of large residential courtyards.Official residences tend to extend longitudinally,emphasizing the transformation of entrance streamline,strictly respecting Confucian culture in layout structure,emphasizing the order of hierarchy and differentiation between inside and outside,with a more grand and grand decoration style.The layout of merchant residences is clear,and the entrance courtyard is open,with complex and magnificent decoration.However,terrain conditions have no significant impact on spatial form,constituent elements,and the creation of internal courtyard landscapes.Based on the above research results,it can guide the reconstruction or construction of different types of courtyards,provide detailed data support for the protection,inheritance,and restoration of large residential buildings,and provide theoretical support and practical reference for the courtyard construction of modern traditional architecture.At the same time,it can also promote the revitalization and renewal of large-scale residential courtyards.For example,for residential buildings with different identity backgrounds,it can focus on promoting the layout characteristics of residential buildings under specific identities,conveying cultural concepts,attracting people’s attention to such residential buildings,improving the brand effect of residential buildings,and promoting and promoting the excellent traditional culture of the Chinese nation.