Measurement And Influencing Factors Of Transportation Efficiency Of Railway Operation Enterprises

As the basic unit of railway transportation service,railway operation enterprises are getting more and more attention.How to improve the transportation efficiency of railway operation enterprises has become the key task for the development of railway transportation industry.The purpose of this paper is to measure the static and dynamic efficiency of the transportation of railway operating enterprises,and to find out the key factors that affect the efficiency,so as to provide theoretical basis and empirical support for the relevant promotion policies of different types of enterprises.First of all,this study uses three-stage DEA-Bootstrap model to calculate the static comprehensive transportation efficiency of 35 railway operators from 2000 to2020,and decomposes it.Compared with the traditional DEA model and the three-stage DEA model,the three-stage DEA-Bootstrap not only eliminates the influence of environmental variables on the efficiency value,but also revises the influence of random factors on the efficiency,and obtains the efficiency closest to the true value.The results show that after Bootstrap modification,the scale efficiency of the enterprise plays a leading role in improving the comprehensive transportation efficiency.Secondly,the research uses the Dynamic slack-based measure(DSBM)model,which has the carryover effect,to measure the dynamic transportation efficiency of railway operating enterprises.The addition of carryover variable will make the underestimated transportation efficiency closer to the real transportation efficiency.The results show that the comprehensive transportation efficiency of sample enterprises with new enterprises is mainly dominated by scale efficiency,while that of sample enterprises without new enterprises is mainly dominated by technical efficiency.Thirdly,on the basis of static efficiency measure and dynamic efficiency measure,this research uses the panel Tobit model with fixed effect to analyze the relevant factors that affect railway operation enterprises.From the perspective of competition between enterprises of the same type and competition between industries,we put forward three relevant factors: the number of new enterprises entering,the proportion of railway passenger turnover in inland passenger transport and the proportion of railway freight turnover in inland freight transport.The results show that there is a significant negative correlation between the number of new enterprises entering and transportation efficiency,and a positive correlation between the proportion of railway passenger and freight turnover in inland passenger and freight market and transportation efficiency.Finally,we put forward relevant policies and suggestions on improving the efficiency of railway operation enterprises from the aspects of enterprise type,competition between enterprises of the same type and competition between industries.