Research On Outdoor Space Design Of Primary School Campus From The Child-friendly Perspective

In the outline of the National 14 th Five-Year Plan,the construction of child-friendly cities has risen to a national strategic height.In January 2023,the National Development and Reform Commission,the Ministry of Housing,and the Office of the Women and Children Working Commission of The State Council jointly issued the Guidelines for the Construction of Urban Child-friendly Spaces(Trial),which put forward the requirements for the construction of different functional sectors such as schools.In addition to the basic safety and educational and teaching function requirements,the outdoor space of primary school campus promotes the growth of children’s autonomous activity ability in the primary school campus environment,and the design of outdoor environmental space and element facilities plays an important role.This paper takes the primary school campus outdoor space and its element facilities as the main research object from the child-friendly perspective,and focuses on the correlation between the activity types of physical,psychological and behavioral characteristics of primary school children and the outdoor space design.Through literature research,social investigation and case studies,this paper explores the outdoor space design strategy of primary school campus.First of all,by combing the physical and psychological characteristics of primary school children,the types and components of outdoor space in primary school campus,and combining with the behavioral characteristics of primary school children,five types of activities for primary school children are proposed,including play-based activities,sports activities,interaction activities,exploratory activities,and cognitive activities.By combing the current situation of outdoor space in Xi ’an Primary school and children’s needs,supplemented by excellent primary school campus case studies,this paper puts forward the strategies of outdoor space design in primary school:(1)Children’s participation strategy;(2)Put forward two kinds of green space design strategies: fun paving combined with game facilities,opposite-leaf trees combined with flower boxes,children’s play and natural perception,attached green space next to classrooms and centralized green space next to playgrounds;(3)Put forward the courtyard space design strategy of distinct activity space,boundary treatment to promote communication and secondary design of spatial scale;(4)Proposed ground paving combined with activity facilities;Reasonable zoning pattern,safe travel path,entrance square with humanized facilities;Flexibly combined with the functions of the ancillary buildings,the three types of square space design strategies are the square in front of the classroom,the entrance square and other ancillary squares.(5)Put forward the activity field type terrace roof with the combination of ground paving and activity facilities;Proposed roof garden or playground top roof space;Three kinds of roof space design strategies for non-teaching area roof space of roof farm are proposed.Secondly,it focuses on the design of facilities in the space:(1)Pavement facilities such as runway and jumping grid are combined with the design points of games,sports and learning behaviors;(2)The design points of plant facilities such as heteromorphic leaves,branches,aromatic plants,and fruit picking combined with learning and exploration behavior;(3)Key points of design of convex,concave and complex terrain facilities combined with game movement and other behaviors;(4)Key points in the design of games,science popularization and other facilities to promote various behaviors.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)Summarize five types of primary school children’s activities: play-based activities,sports activities,interaction activities,exploratory activities,cognitive activities;(2)the attached green space beside the road and the centralized green space beside the playground of the campus outdoor space are put forward;Courtyard space;The square in front of the classroom,the entrance square,and other affiliated squares;Spatial design strategies for promoting children’s activities in the roof space of teaching area and non-teaching area.(3)Propose four types of facility elements,including pavement elements,plant elements,terrain elements and facility elements,and carry out participatory and experiential design of activity facilities to promote children’s activities.