Research On Design Of Climate Buffer Spaces Of International Solar Decathlon

By combing the existing research results at home and abroad,it can be seen that the research on the works of the International Solar Decathlon(hereinafter referred to as SD competition)mainly focuses on the design concept,industrial construction,passive design,materials and active technology application of the entries.The research on "climate buffer space" mainly focuses on the qualitative design strategy,while the quantitative systematic research is relatively few.Taking this as the starting point,this paper comprehensively adopts the feedback research path of "form analysis--function exploration--effect verification" to study the climate buffer space in SD competition works.This study has completed the following three aspects.Firstly,the author analyzed the characteristics of 169 entries from four major regions(SDC,SDUS,SDE,and SDME,respectively)based on the sample in six aspects: overall layout form,spatial composition and spatial layout,number of floors and floor heights,roof form,plan layout form,and climate buffer space pattern.According to the spatial composition,the climate buffer space in the sample is divided into two categories:additional climate buffer space and built-in climate buffer space.The additional climate buffer spaces are divided into five sub-categories: external convex doorway,wind tower,gable,sunroom and double skin,and the built-in climate buffer spaces are divided into five sub-categories: internal concave doorway,atrium,courtyard,auxiliary space and ground level overhead.Typical cases of 10 types of climatic buffers are selected from the sample to analyze their design features and scope of application.Secondly,four types of climatic buffer spaces(Outside Gallery,Sunroom,Atrium,and Auxiliary space),which occur more frequently,were subjected to quantitative simulation experiments.The results show that(1)In the case that the window-to-wall ratio of the south facade and the distance between the south facade and the upper part of the windows remain unchanged: the influence of the corridor width on the indoor temperature is very small,and when the corridor width exceeds 1.9m and then lengthens the corridor width,the influence of summer solar radiation on the south facade is very weak.When the corridor width is less than 2.4 meters,the uniformity of light and illumination increases with the increase of corridor width,when the corridor width is greater than 1.9m,the increase of uniformity of illumination decreases,when the corridor width is greater than 1.4m,the increase of uniformity of light is very small;(2)Under the condition that the window-to-wall ratio of the inner wall of the sunroom and the position of the windows on the inner wall of the sunroom remain unchanged: with the same width,the effect of the heat-collecting and heat-storing wall type sunroom on reducing the energy consumption of indoor heating is more significant among the four types of sunrooms and is more conducive to energy saving.If only from the perspective of energy-saving rate,the best width of all four types of sunrooms is 0.6 m;(3)Under the condition that the plane position of the atrium and the area of the top window openings remain unchanged: when the height of the atrium is higher than the height of the main body of the building,it is conducive to energy saving,and the plane size of the atrium has a weaker impact on indoor temperature.When the height of the atrium is greater than the height of the main body of the building,the smaller the plan size is,the smaller the energy consumption generated by heating and the more significant the energy saving effect is;(4)the main consideration when designing the auxiliary space as a climate buffer space should be the orientation and scale.When the auxiliary space is located on the north side,the indoor temperature changes faster with the increase of window-to-wall ratio.When the auxiliary space is located on the west side or on the east and west sides,both its width and the change of window-wall ratio have a weak effect on the indoor temperature.Finally,from the design scheme,climate buffer space,physical environment simulation and summer thermal environment measurement,the author participated in the SDC2022 work " QIJU 3.0" is studied.The results show that the spatial layout and streamline of the project are reasonable.The "climate-adaptable spatial layout + variable double-layer skin + envelope structure + cold bridge design" adopted can make the indoor physical environment meet the needs,the overall thermal environment is maintained in a stable range,the variable double-layer skin has a good insulation effect,and the atrium has a good night ventilation effect.It can effectively improve the thermal stability and climate adaptability of the interior space of the building.This paper studies the climate buffer space in SD competition works through classification research,quantitative simulation and field measurement evaluation,which can provide decision basis for the design of climate buffer space in the same type of buildings,improve the efficiency and science of the design.