Research On Demand Response Mechanism And Transaction Mechanism Of Distributed Energy

Under the background of " Peaking Carbon Dioxide Emissions" and "Carbon Neutrality",China is vigorously develops renewable energy.However,there are significant differences in the endowment of renewable energy resources between the eastern and western regions of China,resulting in phenomena such as wind and solar abandonment.If concentrated renewable energy power from the west is transmitted to the central load area in the east,it will not only increase the transmission cost,but also cause transmission losses.Therefore,compared with the renewable energy transmitted by long-distance centralized power transmission in the western region,local distributed energy has the advantages of local consumption,no transmission costs and losses,and has achieved rapid development.However,distributed energy output,which is mainly renewable energy,is affected by the natural environment and has the characteristics of intermittent and fluctuation.This not only exacerbates the difficulty of real-time supply and demand balance in the power grid,increases the cost of real-time supply and demand balance,but also affects the stability of the power grid.If relying solely on traditional energy sources such as fossil fuels to suppress their randomness,it may result in frequent start-ups and shutdowns or significant increase or decrease in output,and the cost of achieving real-time electricity supply and demand balance is relatively high.Therefore,how to reduce the real-time supply and demand balance cost of distributed energy and reduce the impact of large-scale grid connection of distributed energy on power grid stability have become an urgent problem.In order to solve the above problems,this paper studies the demand response mechanism and trading mechanism of distributed energy from the perspective of demand-side actively matching supplyside and energy trading.From the perspective of the demand side actively matching the supply side,the influence of the virtual real-time electricity price incentive mechanism on the matching degree between the power load curve and the distributed energy output curve is also studied.In this paper,a virtual real-time electricity price optimization model based on the credit mechanism is proposed,which encourages demand-side users to change electricity consumption mode and actively match the output curve of distributed renewable energy.The model not only considers the power generation cost of distributed energy and energy storage cost,but also incorporates the balance cost of distributed energy and the stability cost of power grid,which are generally ignored in the existing research,are included in the production cost of electricity,and the particle swarm optimization algorithm with linearly decreasing inertia weight is used to optimize the user’s electricity price,so as to minimize the total cost of electricity consumption for users.Moreover,a novel index is put forward to quantitatively measure the matching degree between users’ power load curve and distributed energy output curve.Taking a multi-microgrid system in a China’s industrial park as the case,we have found the results that the virtual real-time electricity price optimization model can not only reduce users’ total power cost by 7.8108%,but also improve the matching degree between the demand side and the supply side by 2.4643%,achieving the power demand side actively matching the supply side,thereby reducing the cost of real-time supply and demand balance.From the perspective of energy trading,this study aims to establish a mechanism that includes distributed energy trading within and between energy communities,promoting the establishment of interconnected energy trading between various energy prosumers within the energy community and between neighboring energy communities,thereby improving the stability of the power grid.In this paper,by constructing a threelevel game model framework of the distributed energy trading network,an energy trading mechanism between prosumers within the energy community,between energy communities,and between energy community alliances and power grids is proposed in this paper.This mechanism optimizes the energy trading power of prosumers,energy communities,and energy community alliances to reduce the impact of distributed energy grid connection on the power grid.In addition,this study uses two distributed energy communities of Jiangsu province in China as study cases to verify the effectiveness of comparing the overall benefits and grid stability of prosumers and energy communities under different scenarios.The results show that compared to direct energy transactions between prosumers and power grid company,under the energy community alliance based energy trading mechanism,not only can the total cost of distributed energy alliances be reduced by 34.6838%,but also the stability of the power grid can be improved by 29.1402%.Therefore,the energy trading mechanism based on energy community alliances proposed in this article can not only improve energy efficiency and reduce power costs,but also reduce the fluctuation and intermittence of the whole distributed energy alliance and improve the stability of the power grid.