The Characteristics Of Plantscape In Ancient School Residence In Jiangnan During The Ming And Qing Dynasties

In recent years,with the great attention paid to the protection of historical and cultural heritage in China,excavation and research on historical and cultural heritage based on historical materials has become the basis for the development of various authentic protection work.As a category of historical and cultural heritage,in the existing restoration and protection process,there is too much attention to the architecture and neglect of the landscape,and due to the difficulty of plant landscape restoration,resulting in the landscape restoration of such special places is empty,the protection and retention of the cultural and educational landscape atmosphere in the ancient school residence has become a more urgent and difficult practical problem.Taking the plant landscape as the starting point,introducing the concept of plant environment,taking the ancient school residence as the research object,through word frequency reproduction analysis,semantic association analysis and ROSTCM sentiment analysis method,the plant phrases in the garden,picture history,garden poetry and art text,couplet inscription and other historical ancient book materials related to the two typical ancient school living places of study courtyard and academy garden were extracted,and according to the elements of plant construction,the background characteristics of plant scenery,the shaping characteristics of plant scenery and the construction characteristics of plant landscape artistic conception were analyzed in turn.The characteristics of the planting environment of the ancient school residence were summarized,and the corresponding measures for the protection of the cultural and educational landscape atmosphere in the ancient school residence were proposed according to the characteristics of the planting area.The conclusions are as follows: 1)At the level of planting background,the overall spatial background presents the characteristics of "multiplication of etiquette and music",the outward-looking academy garden space is more constrained by the etiquette system,forming a situation of ritual space competing with each other,there are three types of sacrificial space,lecture space and living space,and the inward-looking study courtyard space is characterized by self-study,with two categories: retreat space and living space.The humanistic and artistic environment takes the worship of learning and residence as the core,and the purpose of planting scenery pays attention to both appreciation and use,and the interest of planting scenery shows the characteristics of quaint,elegant and pleasant.2)At the level of planting landscape,the selection of plant species is mostly native tree species,which is influenced by the aesthetic taste of planting and retains the natural meaning of mountain flowers and wild trees.When shaping the plant scene,it is affected by the comprehensive influence of spatial background and cultural and artistic environment,and often uses three types of planting forms: solitary planting,pair planting and cluster planting,to create a moral education atmosphere that attaches equal importance to etiquette and music,reflecting the characteristics of a suitable landscape.In terms of the arrangement of the planting landscape,it forms a Zen painting with other landscape elements,which is the object of students’ sitting and watching meditation,showing the characteristics of enlightenment.3)At the level of the artistic conception of planting landscapes,the vision,hearing and smell of the five senses commonly used in ancient school and residential places form a fragrance,habitat and color that can perceive reason,soothe the spirit,and encourage learning;At the same time,plants are used to construct a deep and lofty spatial artistic conception and a quiet time artistic conception;The artistic conception of plants under emotional perception is mostly related to academic career,Influenced by individual emotions,the artistic conception of the ancient school residence is manifested as the nostalgia for the ancient under neutral emotions,the auspicious realm under positive emotions,and the realm of lyricism and hiding under negative emotions.In general,the planting environment of the ancient school residence shows a strong cultural and educational characteristic,and the plant landscape is an important component that subtly affects students and apprentices,and is committed to learning.Plant artistic conception is the feedback of apprentices after philosophical understanding of the plant environment,and the idea of moral education can be transmitted through the plant environment,and the plant environment is an important means of education in ancient learning and living places.The conclusions of this study can provide a reference for the restoration and protection of plant environment in ancient school sites.