| Epidermal electrophysiological signals are weak bioelectrical signals collected from the surface of human skin by electrodes,which can reflect neuromuscular activities to a certain extent,and are widely used in neuroscience,rehabilitation medicine,military science,sports science,artificial prosthetics,and other fields.With the development of Bluetooth,near-field communication and other wireless technologies,electrophysiological signal acquisition equipment can realize the separation of electrophysiological signal acquisition terminal and analysis and execution terminal,which makes long-term monitoring possible and provides a breakthrough for the application of electrophysiological signals in wearable medical devices.For chronic diseases requiring long-term treatment,it is necessary to improve the comfort level of patients during treatment control and reduce the medical burden through remote monitoring.In the wake of the recent COVID-19 pandemic,this aspect has received greater attention.It also allows patients to be monitored while remaining at home and maintaining their daily routines,greatly reducing the medical burden and preventing cross-infection.On the other hand,because the epidermal electrophysiological signals can reflect the state of the human body,they can also be used for scientific guidance of sports training,to prevent the occurrence of excessive exercise caused by muscle strain,dehydration,convulsions,and other symptoms.However,the great shortage of all-weather,multi-scene epidermal electrophysiological signal recording electrodes restricts the application of electrophysiological signals in the above fields.Problems such as sweat accumulation for a long time and under the condition of exercise,and electrode shedding in an underwater environment are still difficult to overcome.Therefore,this thesis starts from the design of an all-weather,multi-scene epidermal electrophysiological signal recording electrode,through the selection of materials,structural adjustment,and preparation of epidermal electrophysiological signal acquisition ability for a long time.On the other hand,detecting the electrophysiological signals of muscles to assess the level of muscle fatigue provides reasonable guidance for scientific exercise and rest time.The results are as follows:1.MXene aerogel with a highly ordered structure was prepared by ice template method for electrophysiological detection: First,MXene solution was obtained by selective etching Al element from MAX using an acid etching method.Then,MXene aerogel with ordered structure was prepared by bidirectional ice template method.A surface electromyography test was conducted with the prepared MXene aerogel,which verified the feasibility of the application of MXene aerogel in the electrophysiological field.2.MXene composite electrode for fatigue assessment and long-term electrophysiological monitoring:Based on the work in the first part,the composite electrode prepared by combining MXene aerogel with a three-dimensional conductive network and PSBMA with hygroscopic ability can be used for electrophysiological monitoring under movement and long-term conditions.Through the ice template method,MXene formed a more ordered three-dimensional conductive network,which promoted rapid charge transmission and effectively improved the conductivity of the electrode material.By combining SBMA with MXene aerogel and heating it to polymerize SBMA,MIE composite electrode was finally formed.Compared with Ag/Ag Cl gel electrodes,MIE presented lower interface impedance and was able to collect high-quality epidermal electrophysiological signals.Under the condition of movement and sweating,the signal quality was higher.Can be used for muscle fatigue detection;At the same time,MIE combines human physiological information with exercise fatigue,which can be used for quick and direct exercise training guidance.This work provides a new idea for the long-term monitoring of electrophysiological signals during exercise and paves the way for more complex application scenarios.3.Laser-induced porous graphene electrodes for underwater electrophysiological monitoring: multiscene,long-term monitoring of epidermal bioelectrical signal acquisition is an indispensable part of wearable healthcare.However,current commercial Ag/Ag Cl gel electrodes cannot meet the requirements of high humidity,long underwater time,and high spatial resolution monitoring,so it is urgent to develop multiperformance skin electrodes for all-weather underwater monitoring.Based on the shortcomings of the above work,we designed a multifunctional skin electrode suitable for 24 hours of underwater electrophysiological signal monitoring and high spatial resolution by embedding laser-printed nano graphite into the PDMS/Tattoo substrate.Using the laser direct writing technique,polyethylene terephthalate(PET)was graphitized to obtain highly conductive nano-graphene with a microporous structure.The electrical properties of nano-graphene can be adjusted.Due to the special micropore structure of nanographene,the viscous layer can be well adhered to the skin through the micropore,preventing the immersion of liquid water and resulting in electrode failure.Taking advantage of these advantages of nanographene,the embedded graphene /PDMS/Tattoo electrode(EGPTE)can accurately measure various electrophysiological signals in atmospheric and underwater environments.With stable and excellent signal quality. |
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