Research On Port Logistics Networks In Arctic Economic Circle Countries Considering Environmental Costs

As global climate change causes the gradual opening of the Arctic sea route,new opportunities are emerging for the development of port logistics.However,the logistics development of ports in Arctic Circle countries,which are linked by the Arctic sea route,faces prominent problems such as a lack of unified planning in the network,high transportation costs,and serious environmental pollution.These issues pose significant challenges to the sustainable development of global maritime trade.Therefore,this article studies the optimization of the logistics network of ports in Arctic Circle countries considering environmental costs.Based on the selection of candidate hub ports,the article aims to minimize transportation costs and environmental costs and find a reasonable hub-and-spokestyle logistics network for the Arctic Circle,focusing on the construction of hub ports to achieve optimal resource allocation,in order to address the problems encountered in the development of the logistics industry in Arctic Circle ports.Specifically,this article carries out the following research:(1)Based on the ranking of global container port throughput,the ports within the Arctic Economic Circle are divided and 34 ports are selected as network nodes.Using empirical data such as national trade volume and throughput,the bilateral trade volume between ports is calculated,overcoming the difficulty of obtaining transport volume between ports.A logistics and trade network is constructed among the ports within the Arctic Economic Circle based on the logistics and trade connections between them.It is found that the opening of the Arctic shipping route will have a serious impact on the transportation weight of each port,and the traditional logistics network will also undergo changes.Secondly,the structure,advantages,and influencing factors of the hub-andspoke container port logistics network are analyzed.The environmental cost of maritime transport is divided into carbon cost and sulfur cost.Environmental costs are internalized through the imposition of environmental taxes.The necessity and foresight of considering environmental costs in the design of the hub-and-spoke logistics network at ports are discussed from the policy basis and impact mechanism.(2)Following the principles of constructing evaluation index system and taking into account factors such as national environment and port’s own conditions,34 evaluation indexes were selected,and a relatively complete evaluation index system for the development potential of the Arctic economic circle’s ports was established.Reverse learning,differential evolution mutation,and Gaussian-Cauchy perturbation mixed strategy were introduced to improve the sparrow search algorithm.Combining with the projection tracking evaluation model,the characteristics of highdimensional data were reflected from the data representation in low-dimensional space,efficiently evaluating hub ports.Based on the obtained projection direction and evaluation results,the 34 ports were ranked,and it was found that the proportion of shortening the route played a significant role.Considering the economy of scale of the hub-and-spoke network,the top ten ranked ports were selected as the initial candidate hub ports.(3)Building a single allocation mixed hub-and-spoke Arctic economic circle port logistics network that considers environmental costs around the candidate hub port.Based on the characteristics of minimizing transportation and environmental costs using the constructed model,the simulated annealing algorithm is introduced to improve the genetic algorithm for efficient model solving.Comparing and analyzing the optimized network before and after optimization,it was found that the total cost of the optimized network was significantly reduced,and the transportation mode structure was optimized from a fully through type to a "hub + trunk + branch" mode.The selected five hub ports have a reasonable radiation range distribution,and the port logistics network is significantly affected by environmental costs,so the development of green shipping needs to be highly valued.It verifies the feasibility of the designed port logistics network optimization plan.In addition,factor experiments were also conducted,which found that the number of hub ports needs to be determined based on specific situations,and the size of the scale effect coefficient needs to be balanced to find the optimal network structure and cost control plan,and reasonable policy recommendations are given.This article evaluates the development potential of ports in Arctic economic zone countries,and optimizes the axial transport network of Arctic economic zone ports considering environmental costs based on selected candidate hub ports.The experimental plan effectively reduces network transportation costs and environmental costs,which has certain practical guidance significance in promoting the rational layout planning of logistics networks for ports in Arctic economic zone countries,reducing the cost of ocean logistics transportation,promoting the sustainable development of green ports,promoting the formation of the Arctic shipping logistics platform,and helping the port logistics transportation industry to cope with the ecological environment tax that will be levied by the country in the future.