| There are a large number of vehicle-related details in the Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China.According to the details of the Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China.,there are wide variety of vehicles in the Bamboo slips,with nearly 30 different vehicle names that respectively recorded in the books、documents and archives of Bamboo slips,showing that vehicles were widely used in the daily administration,defense of the military affairs,border personnel contacts and commodity trade.These vehicles are closely related to the special geographical landforms and social conditions of the northwest,and play an irreplaceable positive role in the process of development in politics,economy,culture and communication between Han Dynasty and the Western Regions.It was including nearly 30 kinds of vehicles in the current published Bamboo slips,specifically contain the vehicles name commonly appeared in ancient literature like“Che”,“Da Che”,“Niu Che”,“Ma Che”,“Yao Che”,“Chuan Che”.Besides cover the special name of vehicles like “Biche”,“Lanche”,“Juche”,“Xinche”and so on,which disappeared in ancinent literature but only recorded by Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China.We try to analyse and summarize the construction,value and users of the vehicles on the basis of recognizing those nearly 30 kinds name of vehicles by comprehensively sorting out the varieties of names of vehicles combined the materials of Bamboo slips and ancient literatures,archaeological excavations,carved stones and carved bricks of Han Dynasty.Through the research,we found that the most number of times of the vehicles was “Che”,“Dache”,“Niuche”,“Yaoche” and “Chuanche”.Those vehicles used by various social groups such as officials,garrison soldiers,titled residents in northwestern and hired laborers specializing in transportation in border’s politics and military,including various daily activities such as document transfer,grain and grass transport,personnels and goods checked when passing the door set up in politics ang military in northwestern and transportation,etc.The use and users of vehicles are very flexible,which makes the classification standard of vehicles diversified.In order to be comprehensive,we choose livestocks the vehicles driven as the classification standard,and divide the vehicles in Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China into two categories for investigation: Niuche and Mache.Presently,there are few research in discuss the management of vehicles in Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China.Most of the vehicles involved in Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China also appeared in the other published bamboo slips of the Qin and Han Dynasties and some archaeological materials,which can offer reference and thinking in research the origins of vehicles and it’s livestocks,the officials and agencyies of control vehicles,the process of vehicles distribution,repair and maintenance.As subordinate agencyies of the central institutions,the vehicles of northwestern regions came from the directly distribution of the centre handcraft,but also contain allocated from nearly counties and bought from market.In the Bamboo slips in Qin and Han Dynasties,there were strict legal restrictions and constraints on using,repairing and maintenancing of vehicles,which showed that the vehicle use system in Qin and Han dynasties has been perfected.There were a large number of administrative documents,book records and archives in the Bamboo slips in the northwestern of China.They had deep relationship between vehicles and politics,transportation,national governance and economic development,all of which reflected the unique regional culture of the Northwest region.An in-depth study of the vehicles seen in the Bamboo slips will help us to fully understand the uploading and issuing of government orders and the mail transmission system of these areas,at the same time,the vehicles played an important role in commercial and economic development and social funeral culture of northwestern regions... |
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