Comparative Study On Memorial Landscape Between Shashi Zhongshan Park And Beijing Zhongshan Park

Memorial garden landscape is an important carrier for historical and cultural heritage.It integrates memorial object with architecture,plants,space and other designs.It not only interprets the memorial object itself,but also enables people to perceive and experience,evoking emotional resonance.With the development of the times,people’s demand for spiritual culture needs has become increasingly urgent,resulting in different ways of creating and perceiving memorial garden landscapes.In the field of landscape architecture research,memorial garden landscape design and analysis occupy an important position.Conducting research on memorial garden landscape design not only enriches the theory and method of creating memorial garden landscapes,but also has significance and social value for historical and cultural inheritance,as well as spiritual and emotional sustenance.Mr.Sun Yat-sen is a great national hero,patriot and pioneer of Chinese democratic revolution.After his death on March 12,1925,in order to commemorate him and his historical events,a batch of Zhongshan Parks were built around the world.From the perspective of landscape architecture,some scholars have independently analyzed the memorial garden landscape of Zhongshan Parks in Hangzhou,Wuhan and Shenyang,including the historical evolution of the parks,the spatial expression of memorial garden landscape,the characteristics of plant configuration,and the post-use evaluations.However,overall research on the memorial garden landscapes of Zhongshan Parks is still limited,especially in terms of comparative studies of Zhongshan Parks in different regions.Firstly,this paper analyzes the characteristics and main theories of memorial garden landscape,and then takes Shashi Zhongshan Park and Beijing Zhongshan Park as examples.Based on field investigations and literature research,the similarities and differences of memorial landscape between Shashi Zhongshan Park and Beijing Zhongshan Park are compared and analyzed from the aspects of memorial landscape space expression,memorial landscape architecture and memorial space garden plants.The main results are as follows :(1)Memorial garden landscape has a distinct theme of commemoration.Based on the theories of environmental psychology,it emphasizes the spirit of place and regional characteristics by using semiotic and narrative techniques.And it integrates garden elements with historical figures,events,and culture,creating a strong atmosphere of commemoration.(2)From its source,Shashi Zhongshan Park is a newly built park,while Beijing Zhongshan Park is a rebuilt park.In terms of memorial space construction,both Zhongshan Parks have clearly divided memorial space internally,and have utilized narrative method to design the memorial garden landscapes.Influenced by classical gardens,Shashi Zhongshan Park is composed of a combination of regular and natural layout.Influenced by royal gardens,Beijing Zhongshan Park presents regular layout with a symmetrical arrangement.In the spatial sequence,Shashi Zhongshan Park uses an polyline space sequence line to connect the entrance,the Workers,Peasants and Soldiers Statue Square,the Zhongshan Pavilion,the Sun Yat-sen Statue,the Zhongshan Memorial Hall,the Liberation Pavilion,and the Revolutionary Martyrs Memorial Tower,forming a guiding space,a transitional space,a main space,and an ending space.Beijing Zhongshan Park connects the Defending Peace Square,Sun Yat-sen Statue,Sheji Temple,Zhongshan Hall and Motto Pavilion,forming a guiding space,a main space,and an ending space,with an obvious commemorative axis.(3)In terms of memorial architectures,Both Zhongshan Parks use memorial buildings with clear semiotic orientation,and the architectural style has strong regional characteristics.Shashi Zhongshan Park features predominantly ancient-style architecture,with structures such as Zhongshan Pavilion,Zhongshan Hall,Juan Xue Tower and Chunqiu Pavilion built on high platforms with upturned eaves,and predominantly red color schemes with accents of black,yellow,and blue.The patterns utilized include phoenixes,octagonal patterns,and other motifs that reflect the geographic environment,climate characteristics,and regional cultural characteristics of the Jingchu area.The memorial architecture in Beijing Zhongshan Park features the architectural style of royal garden,with large building volumes,gentle and longitudinal development,and a predominantly red and yellow color scheme.The eaves of the flat-roofed buildings are designed with mythical creatures,with patterns such as gold dragons,seals,chrysanthemums,and other motifs following the painted forms of the Ming and Qing dynasties.The architectural forms in different regions are different,and the memorial landscapes are also different.(4)In terms of the plant landscape of commemorative space,both Zhongshan Parks use conifer plants to heighten the memorial atmosphere.The planting methods including symmetrical,determinant and pattern-based planting.However,due to the influence of climate,geographical conditions and construction history,there are still many differences between the two parks in the plant landscape of memorial space.The plant species of memorial space in Shashi Zhongshan Park are significantly more than those in Beijing Zhongshan Park,and the combination of arbor,shrub and grass is rich and colorful,and the Jingchu characteristic plants are used;Beijing Zhongshan Park is dominated by ancient and famous trees,which has precipitated the rise and fall of historical culture and the proud and upright spirit of progress.With the development of the times,Shashi Zhongshan Park and Beijing Zhongshan Park have become comprehensive parks.Under the background of meeting the multifunctional needs of citizens,it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between the local and the whole,fully tap into the memorial garden landscape characteristics of the two parks,and give full play to the spiritual and practical value of these characteristics.Therefore,further research needs to be conducted in order to achieve these goals.