Research On Route Optimization Of Vehicle-coordinated UAV Distribution And Risk Assessment Of Logistics UAV

With the continuous development of e-commerce and the surge of online orders,the logistics industry has been under great pressure.With the progress of science and technology and society,the UAV market in our country is developing rapidly.Adding UAV to logistics distribution service,the research and manufacture of logistics UAV provides a new idea for solving the "last kilometer" problem of distribution.Although UAVs can effectively relieve the pressure of logistics distribution due to their advantages of high flexibility and low cost,they also have their limitations,such as small load capacity and limited mileage.Therefore,based on the urban logistics distribution system,this paper discusses the route optimization problem under the logistics UAV distribution mode of vehicle coordination.In addition,due to the dense urban population,the use of logistics drones in express delivery is bound to bring operational safety risks.Therefore,this paper conducted relevant studies on the route optimization of vehicle-coordinated UAV distribution in urban areas and the safety risk assessment of the operational logistics UAV in urban areas:(1)Aiming at the route optimization problem under the urban vehicle collaborative logistics UAV distribution mode,this paper comprehensively considers the factors such as the payload and mileage of the UAV,and aims to minimize the total cost of vehicle and logistics UAV distribution to establish a mathematical model of urban vehicle collaborative logistics UAV distribution.A two-stage solution method is designed to solve the model.In the first stage,Kmeans clustering algorithm is used to calculate the delivery points of trucks.In the second stage,discrete artificial firefly algorithm is used to solve the shortest delivery path of vehicles and drones.Finally,the total distribution cost is calculated based on the model.(2)The case analysis based on the vehicle-coordinated UAV distribution route optimization model shows that the discrete artificial firefly algorithm has better optimization ability compared with the traditional ant colony and particle swarm optimization algorithm.In addition,the vehicle-coordinated logistics UAV distribution mode has lower cost than the traditional single vehicle distribution mode,saving about 53%.To solve the logistics industry distribution pressure problem to provide an effective solution.(3)In the study of operational safety risk assessment of logistics UAVs in urban areas,this paper firstly determined the safety evaluation index and safety target level of logistics UAVs by analyzing the flight airspace of logistics UAVs and studying relevant literature.The accident crash probability model of logistics UAV is established.The accident crash probability model consists of two parts:the system damage crash probability model of logistics UAV and the air conflict crash probability model of logistics UAV.Among them,the damage and crash probability model of logistics UAV system is based on the idea of series system and searching the case database and relevant literature of logistics UAV operation.The collision probability model of logistics UAV is established by studying the correlation principle of gas model.Then,considering the two fatal situations of the logistics UAV crash accident,which directly hit pedestrians on the ground and resulted in fatalities,and the accident severity model of the logistics UAV crash was established.Then according to the idea of probability evaluation method,the logistics UAV accident crash probability model and the logistics UAV crash severity model are integrated,and the logistics UAV distribution safety risk evaluation model is obtained.(4)Through the analysis of the result of the simulation example of the logistics UAV distribution safety risk assessment model,it can be concluded that the operation of logistics UAV in the urban area has a large safety risk and cannot reach the safety target level.Some effective measures are proposed to reduce the security risks of logistics UAVs operating in urban areas and improve the safety level of logistics UAVs.The model and algorithm studied in this paper can provide a certain reference for the logistics transportation route of vehicle-combined UAVs and the safety risk assessment of logistics UAVs operating in urban areas.