| Charging infrastructure is the power supplier of electric vehicles,and its reasonable layout is the prerequisite and important foundation for the popularization and development of electric vehicles.Fast and convenient charging service can also improve the purchase intention of potential consumers of electric vehicles.For a long time,the layout and construction of charging infrastructure has been called the "last kilometer" of electric vehicles.With the gradual expansion of the number of electric vehicles in our country,the construction of charging infrastructure is faced with more serious problems: how to scientifically determine the demand of charging facilities in a certain area of the city,and how to scientifically and rationally carry out the layout planning of charging facilities.In order to solve this problem,this paper takes big data’s thinking throughout the research,and introduces big data,which reflects the traffic situation of urban road network,into the study of spatial distribution of charging demand and the layout planning of charging stations: on the one hand,the time series prediction of charging load and the spatial distribution of charging demand are fully combined,and the classical charging load time series prediction model based on Monte Carlo simulation is applied.Through the integral calculation,the charging load is converted into charging electricity,and then the traffic situation big data and entropy method are introduced to study the spatial distribution of charging demand.On the other hand,based on the prediction results of urban charging demand distribution and the comprehensive consideration of charging operators and electric vehicle users,the minimum spanning tree model in graph theory is applied to the research of charging station planning,and the minimum spanning tree model of charging pile planning based on Prim algorithm and cluster analysis is constructed.Finally,the municipal district of Yinchuan in 2022 is taken as a case study.According to the research results,this paper summarizes three main conclusions:(1)Under the promotion of the national strategy to achieve the " carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals",the charging facilities industry is facing new opportunities and challenges.This paper carries out research work on the current situation of electric vehicle promotion and charging facilities construction in Yinchuan,and summarizes some common and individual problems faced by the industry.It includes "the problem of unreasonable distribution of charging facilities needs to be solved urgently","the shortage of urban land resources is becoming increasingly prominent","the existing layout planning methods need to be improved" and so on.(2)The time series prediction model of charging load based on Monte Carlo simulation and the spatial distribution model of charging demand based on traffic situation are constructed in this paper,and the results show that the daily charging load curve of Yinchuan fluctuates greatly in 2022.It is concentrated in the two time intervals from 9: 30 p.m.to 5: 00 a.m.and from 11: 30 a.m.to 5: 30 p.m.,which distributes in the valley period and the flat period of the power grid in the region.(3)In this paper,the minimum spanning tree model is introduced into the layout planning of electric vehicle charging facilities,and the results show that the total cost is the lowest when the scale of stations built in Yinchuan is 8 in 2022,in which the construction and operation investment cost of charging station is 110.9423 million yuan,and the charging cost of electric vehicle users is 19.2355 million yuan.And the location of the station is basically located in the road and place with large traffic flow and passenger flow,such as business circle,school,residential district,public institutions,etc.,and the scheme can better respond to the charging needs of urban electric vehicles. |
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