Evacuation Simulation And Layout Optimization Of Outpatient Hall Based On Cellular Automata Model

With the improvement of people’s medical needs,the number of hospital patients is increasing.As an important transfer station for hospital treatment,the outpatient hall is characterized by complex built environment,diverse pedestrian facilities and crowded,but the patients are often limited in exercise ability.Therefore,the risk of safety accidents in the outpatient hall increases significantly,and once a dangerous incident occurs,it is easy to cause a large number of casualties.How to improve the efficiency of safe evacuation in outpatient hall has become a key research topic of hospital safety management.The layout of outpatient hall directly affects the initial distribution of pedestrians in the hall and the choice of pedestrian evacuation path,which is crucial to the evacuation process.Therefore,this paper uses cellular automata model to simulate the evacuation process of pedestrians in the outpatient hall of a hospital,and studies the evacuation behavior of pedestrians from the perspective of layout.By summarizing the shortcomings of previous studies on the layout of outpatient hall,this paper selected the service window layout,special window layout and seat layout of the outpatient hall as the research objects through field investigation.Research the outpatient service hall of pedestrians category and the number of pedestrians,in fine field model based on cellular automata,the establishment of a more real symmetric rotating way,based on the survey data set different speed and personnel competitive relationship,suitable for outpatient service hall the evacuation of pedestrian simulation model was established,from the perspective of the layout of pedestrian evacuation behavior research.First of all,based on the service window layout method obtained from the field survey and combined with relevant specifications,five typical service window layouts are set up and pedestrian evacuation process is simulated under different layouts.The main results include: The layout on both sides is optimal and the evacuation time is shortest.The opposite side layout has the highest evacuation fluency.The lower the speed of pedestrians,the greater the impact of service window layout.Reasonable layout of service Windows can not only shorten the evacuation distance of pedestrians,but also increase the balance of exit utilization and evacuation fluency,so as to achieve the purpose of improving the overall evacuation efficiency.In order to further improve the evacuation efficiency of pedestrians in the outpatient hall,special Windows were set up for people with mobility difficulties on the basis of the optimal service window layout mentioned above,and the evacuation process under different special window layouts was simulated.The main results include: setting special Windows close to the exit can effectively guarantee the priority of evacuation for those with mobility difficulties and improve the overall evacuation efficiency.The total evacuation time of setting special Windows close to the exit on both sides is the shortest,which reduces by 15.8%compared with that without setting special Windows.The setting of special Windows near the exit on both sides is better than that of special Windows near the exit on one side.Setting special Windows close to the exit can improve the total evacuation time,prolong the average evacuation time,setting special Windows far from the exit can reduce the obstruction of people with mobility difficulties to normal people,more conducive to the evacuation of normal people.Placing special Windows close to the exit will cause the exit area to be blocked for longer.Setting special Windows close to the exit can improve the evacuation efficiency of those with mobility difficulties and those with normal delays.In addition to the study of window layout,this paper also carried out research on seat layout.Two typical seat layout modes were obtained through field investigation.Four working conditions were set up and simulated under the optimal and most unfavorable service window layouts mentioned above.The main results include: the evacuation efficiency of seat parallel arrangement is higher than that of seat vertical arrangement under the two service window layouts.In the opposite window layout and the two side window layout,the evacuation time of the seat parallel exit layout is shorter than that of the vertical layout.In the opposite side window layout,the total and average evacuation time of the seat vertical layout increased by 56.9% and 53.2% respectively compared with that of the horizontal layout.Compared with the horizontal layout,the total evacuation time and average evacuation time increased by 44.0% and 8.0% respectively in the vertical seat layout.The opposite side window layout was more affected by the seat layout than the two side window layout,and the disabled people were more affected by the seat layout than the normal people.This study can provide theoretical support for the layout design of outpatient hall and pedestrian evacuation management in the future.