Study On Comprehensive Evaluation And Driving Factors Of "Happy River" Based On Xiaoqing River Basin

With the continuous development of economy and society,large-scale development and utilization of rivers by humans have led to many ecological and environmental problems,and also restricted the sustainable development of economy and society.To improve this issue,China has continuously improved relevant laws and regulations and explored new measures for river protection.In 2019,General secretary Xi issued a great call to "make the Yellow River a happy river for the benefit of the people",providing guidance for national river governance in the new era.This study takes the important river Xiaoqing River in Shandong Province as the research object,and combines it with a multi-level comprehensive evaluation model to construct a happy river evaluation system based on Xiaoqing River.It analyzes the factors that constrain the happiness of rivers,diagnoses their problems,and proposes corresponding governance strategies,which is of great significance for achieving the construction of the happy river.The main contents of this study are as follows:(1)The study systematically summarized and defined the research results related to the Happy River from five aspects: flood prevention and safety,high-quality water resources,livable water environment,healthy water ecology,and advanced water culture,and constructed a multi-level comprehensive evaluation model consisting of a goal layer,criterion layer,and index layer.This study also selected appropriate evaluation indicators and methods for better evaluation.(2)The water ecological investigation and evaluation of Xiaoqing River basin in2020 were carried out,and field investigation and sampling points are set up in Xiaoqing River basin to conduct on-site sampling and analysis of hydrology,water quality and aquatic organisms.The collected data were analyzed and evaluated by analyzing the annual runoff,mutation points,hydrological situations.Water environment quality is evaluated by combining physical and chemical index characteristics of water bodies.The water resources were evaluated from the perspectives of water supply and water use.The community structure and diversity of phytoplankton,zooplankton,and benthic animals were analyzed,and the largest proportion of land use and arable land in 2020 to facilitate score assignment to the indicators.(3)The multi-level comprehensive evaluation model constructed in this study was applied to use the improved analytic hierarchy process AHP to analyze the weight of criteria layer,combining DEMATEL method and DEW method to carry out index layer weight analysis,and then classified the river happiness index to assign the indicators and evaluate Xiaoqing River basin in 2020.The evaluation results show that the Jinan section is in a happy state,the Zhangqiu section is in the general upper level,the Binzhou section,Dongying section,and Zibo section are all in the general level,and the Weifang section is in the general lower level.The evaluation results are validated by matter element analysis method,which verifies the rationality of the research method and model establishment.(4)The main obstacles to restrict Happy River construction performance were diagnosed using factor contribution,deviation,and obstacle degree,and the main obstacle factors were obtained by section.Geographic detector method is used to identify the driving factors affecting the well-being of Xiaoqing River Basin,Precipitation is the biggest driving factor affecting the happiness of a watershed,which provides a reference for improving the management and development level of the river basin in the future.