| The traditional energy crisis and environmental issues are intensifying.The rapid development of new renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power has alleviated the pressure caused by the insufficient supply of traditional fossil fuels and reduced the emissions of harmful gases and pollutants.The active distribution network integrates various types of distributed energy,improves the integration of distributed energy,regulates distributed power sources,demand response,and energy storage,enabling the economic and reliable operation of the distribution network.The study of economic dispatch of active distribution networks with distributed energy has significant practical significance.By analyzing the main components and functions of the active distribution network,the operating principles and power characteristics of distributed power sources,and establishing a model for micro gas turbine output,the study takes into account various stochastic factors that affect the output of renewable energy.The Weibull distribution is used to simulate wind speed and establish a model for wind power output,while the Beta distribution is used to simulate sunlight and establish a model for photovoltaic power output.Demand response characteristics are analyzed,and the role of price-based and incentive-based demand response in power system dispatch,as well as the role of energy storage in the power system,are studied.A charging and discharging model for energy storage is established,considering the impact of the previous moment’s energy and the charging/discharging power at each moment on the current energy level of the storage system.Using time-of-use pricing as the control method and minimizing the difference between peak and off-peak loads as the objective function,a demand response model is established to formulate a reasonable optimal pricing scheme.Based on the operation and maintenance of energy storage and the"low charge,high discharge" principle,a cost model for energy storage is developed.Combining the above,an economic optimization and dispatch model for coordinating generation,load,and storage in the active distribution network is constructed.The objective functions are to minimize the operating cost of the distribution network and minimize network losses,while considering constraints related to system flow,energy storage,and other factors.Resource allocation within the active distribution network is clarified to achieve large-scale integration of renewable energy,formulate distributed energy dispatch strategies,and analyze the distribution of system flow using the forward-backward iteration method.The multi-objective model is solved using the ideal point method,and the particle swarm algorithm is improved by introducing genetic ideas to enhance the algorithm’s speed,global search capabilities,and the reliability of obtaining higher precision and fewer iterations for the optimal solution of the dispatch model.The developed economic optimization and dispatch model for the active distribution network is applied to the IEEE 33-node distribution system for simulation research using MATLAB R2020a.The simulation results demonstrate that in scenario 3,which considers generation,load,and storage with time-of-use pricing as the main factor for demand response,combined with energy storage,the operating cost and network losses of the distribution network are significantly lower compared to scenario 1(generation-load optimization)and scenario 2(generation-storage optimization).Furthermore,the load leveling effect is better in scenario 3.These results validate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed dispatch model.The degree of user participation in time-of-use pricing response is compared to examine the level of load demand response.It is observed that higher user participation leads to a more significant reduction in peak-to-off-peak load difference and smoother load curve,effectively reducing the operating cost and network losses of the distribution network. |
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