Research On Ecological Compensation Of Water Source Area Of Water Diversion Project In Central And Southern Ningxia Based On Ecological Vulnerability Assessment

As an effective measure to solve the uneven distribution of water resources and alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources,the water diversion project has achieved remarkable results in promoting the economic,social and environmental development of the waterreceiving area,but it is easy to aggravate the ecological and environmental vulnerability of the water source area and deepen the economic and environmental contradictions,thus posing a threat to the water supply security of the entire water diversion project.Therefore,in order to achieve the purpose of not only meeting the demand for water resources in the receiving area,but also ensuring the sustainable development of the water source area,it is necessary to conduct ecological compensation research on the water source area,and how to reasonably measure the ecological compensation standard and apportion it is the focus of the research.In addition,considering the importance of quantitative evaluation of ecological vulnerability to deepen the research,the assessment of the ecological vulnerability of the water source area before and after the operation of the water diversion project can not only provide a decisionmaking basis for the water source area in regional development and ecological planning,but also provide a theoretical basis for the necessity of ecological compensation research in the water source area.However,at present,there are few quantitative studies on the ecological vulnerability of water source protected areas,and there is no systematic evaluation index and method selection.In the face of this research situation,this paper takes the water source area of the water diversion project in central and southern Ningxia as the research object,carries out ecological vulnerability assessment and ecological compensation standard measurement,and conducts differential allocation of water source areas based on the vulnerability results,and studies the apportionment ratio of each receiving area based on the amount of ecological compensation.The research content and main results are as follows:(1)Conduct ecological vulnerability assessment of water source areas before and after the opening and operation of water diversion projects.Firstly,based on the ecological environment status of Jingyuan water source area,the ecological vulnerability assessment index system was constructed based on the ecological sensitivity-ecological resilience-ecological stress model,and the improved analytic hierarchy method was used to determine the index weight,and then the spatiotemporal distribution map of ecological vulnerability in Jingyuan County in 2014,2017 and 2020 was plotted by combining ArcGIS,and finally the ecological vulnerability of Jingyuan County was analyzed from the aspects of spatiotemporal evolution characteristics and spatial change patterns of ecological vulnerability.(2)The basic theory of ecological compensation and the common ecological compensation standard accounting methods for water source areas are analyzed,and the ecological compensation standard model of water source areas based on opportunity cost is constructed in view of the lack of consideration of the actual payment capacity of the receiving area in the current measurement research.Taking the water diversion project in central and southern Ningxia as an example,the principal component analysis method was used to quantitatively analyze the actual payment capacity of the receiving area,and the ecological compensation coefficient was optimized,so as to revise the ecological protection cost measured from 2017 to 2020,and calculated that the ecological compensation amount that could be obtained in the water source area of Jingyuan County was 76.2394～175.8568 million yuan/a,and combined with the results of ecological vulnerability assessment from 2017 to 2020,the ecological compensation amount due to each township in the water source area was differentiated.(3)Based on the theoretical basis and purpose of total ecological compensation allocation,establish a model of ecological compensation allocation in water source areas.Firstly,based on the principle of index selection,four indicators affecting the apportionment of compensation funds are selected:water transfer ratio,per capita GDP,per capita fiscal revenue,and water consumption of 10,000 yuan of GDP,and the weight entropy value of the index is calculated by the entropy value method to obtain the apportionment ratio of each water-receiving area.The results showed that the proportions of ecological compensation to be apportioned in each water-receiving area were 0.20 in Wonju District,0.50 in Pengyang County,0.26 in Xiji County and 0.04 in Haiyuan County.