| Rural construction has always been one of the very important topics in national economic construction.Especially in the current stage,rural development has entered an important stage that emphasizes the equality of urban and rural status,interaction of urban and rural elements and integration of urban and rural space.With the acceleration of urbanization,the rapid development of rural economy has resulted in the destruction of the spatial structure of rural "livelihood",which has brought severe challenges to the sustainable development of rural areas.Yangjiagou Village is a cultural symbol created by the Ma family.It is a national-level historical and cultural village,a national-level cultural protection unit,an old site of the Red Revolution and a national-level demonstration base for patriotism education.Its settlement space contains rich ecological adaptability wisdom.The study of ecological adaptability is an important perspective to analyze the ecological concept of traditional villages.Based on the theories of urban planning,architecture,landscape science,ecology and other disciplines,this study conducted field research on Yangjiagou Village and sorted,screened,classified and refined the collected data from the macro,intermediate and micro levels.The ecological adaptability of natural environment and human environment in Yangjiagou area is studied comprehensively and summarized.At the end,the paper analyzes the inadaptation of traditional settlements in the change of people’s production and life style,and based on the existing problems,the paper puts forward the spatial response strategy of settlements adapting to the natural ecology and human ecology,which provides the direction for the sustainable development of Yangjiagou settlement and hopes to provide a reference for the protection and inheritance of other traditional settlements.The main research results of this paper are as follows:(1)The main body of this study is the analysis of the ecological adaptability of nature and humanity in Yangjiagou settlement space.It is found that Yangjiagou settlement site selection makes good use of geographical location,seeks advantages and avoids disadvantages,adapts to the natural terrain in the development of spatial layout,the road form is free and flexible,and the architecture adapts to the mountain forming the layout relationship with the slope,the building with the shape,the positioning.Roads,buildings and public spaces show close correlation,forming a traditional village texture with regional characteristics.The settlement site selection also takes into full consideration the relationship with water source,which is flat and close to the river to facilitate production and living.The spatial form is also closely related to water source.The whole distribution is zonal around the water source during construction,and the street space forms a top-down rainwater adaptive street system.The settlement site selection takes into consideration the warm and cold wind in winter,showing the characteristics of the "same trend and different direction" pattern,which is free and flexible,overlooking the river by the mountain,and facing the sun on the back of the mountain,storing wind and gathering air.Cave buildings as houses,heat insulation,moisture and water proof.At the same time,the settlement site selection is adapted to the overall form of fengshui culture,which embraced by mountain and river,mixed with Yin and Yang,low at the front and high at the back.The spatial layout is adapted to the house block structure of the ritual culture,and the Confucian hierarchy is used to build the village order.According to the "ritual" order,the hierarchy of the village,the rich and the poor is divided,so as to form a clear group structure relationship within the village.The unit space of kiln yard is constructed in strict accordance with the traditional family ethics to construct the seating order among the units.(2)ecological According to the characteristics and current problems of ecological adaptability of traditional settlement space,this paper proposes strategies to provide direction for sustainable development of Yangjiagou Village.Among them,the spatial response strategy that adapts to natural ecology is the adaptation and utilization of natural environment from macro and micro aspects.At the macro level,village space should be planned and designed in accordance with natural ecology.Core scenic spots should be opened and protected,construction areas should be semi-opened for control,and environmental areas should be coordinated by protecting their ecological background.On the intermediate level,the traditional street pattern should be continued,traffic space should be optimized,the scope of the accessibility core area should be expanded,new walking paths should be added,and the connection between scenic spots should be enhanced.At the micro level,rural texture should be respected,natural scenery in hilly and gully areas should be restored,living space should be adjusted and divided,and infrastructure should be improved to create a more livable living pattern.The settlement spatial response strategy adapted to human ecology is the drawing and inheritance of regional context from macro and micro aspects.On the macro level,reconstruct and extend the village landscape context space,explore the cultural main line,and implement the culture contained in the settlement into the spatial layout.On the intermediate-level,the spirit of space and place is enhanced,space nodes are added,recreation and slow travel system of each cultural area is constructed,and cultural connotation is increased.On the micro level,function continuation and connotation loading of buildings in the red cultural relics area and the Ma’s clan cultural area are carried out to improve the spatial cultural connotation of village buildings.By combining quantitative and qualitative methods and using Arc Map software and space syntactic theories and methods,this study applied Arc GIS data analysis and Depth map calculation software to the study of adaptability,systematically summarized the adaptability characteristics of traditional Yangjiagou settlements to natural ecology and human ecology,and guided by ecological adaptability theory,to propose a planning response strategy.It provides references for the research on the relationship between the construction characteristics of traditional settlements and regional environment from the perspective of urban and rural planning,and contributes to the research on the protection and promotion of traditional settlements. |
