| With the proposal of the "30/60" double carbon target in China,carbon reduction in the whole society has become increasingly important.The building sector is one of the three major carbon emission sectors in China,with a large amount of carbon reduction tasks and urgent time limit;The research on various aspects of zero-carbonization in the building sector in China is still in its infancy,which cannot fully support the rapid realization of zero-carbonization in the building sector.The mismatch between the two makes it significant to study the zero-carbon design pattern of buildings.In this paper,Lhasa city in the solar-enriched area is selected as the research object.Through a large number of literature research and case analysis,three major problems of realizing zero-carbon in the building design of solar-enriched area are sorted out,they are: "the current standard system of zero-carbon buildings in China is not perfect,and there is no method and basis for evaluating low-carbon or zero-carbon buildings";"The current architecture design method does not design to maximize the use of solar energy,which does not match the resource features of solar-enriched area" and "the problem that building energysaving design theory and method are not fully applicable in the perspective of zero-carbon throughout the whole life cycle of the building".The three problems are the key to take the lead in achieving low-carbon building design in solar-enriched area.This paper uses the methods of literature research,computer simulation,carbon emission calculation and optimization test design,combining zero-carbon in the whole life cycle of buildings with the principle of building climate adaptability,to study the low-carbon design model of urban residential buildings in Lhasa,aiming to reduce the carbon emission of the whole life cycle as much as possible through the architectural design method,and obtain the low-carbon design indicators and low-carbon design strategies and models of urban residential buildings in Lhasa,It provides reference for the low-carbon evaluation and low-carbon oriented architectural design of urban residential buildings in Lhasa.The low-carbon design of buildings in this paper refers to the fact that architects can intervene in reducing carbon at the levels of residential layout,building space and building entity through design methods during the scheme design of buildings.The designed building scheme can provide a platform for low-carbon recyclable enclosure structure,renewable energy production capacity and high-performance building equipment,and finally realize the zero-carbon building of the whole life cycle by combining the above four.This study is divided into three major research contents: "typical urban climate analysis and low-carbon building identification index","low-carbon design strategy for preferential use of solar energy" and "optimal form of low-carbon design strategy for preferential use of solar energy".The main research work,research process and research results are as follows:(1)Research 1: typical urban climate analysis and low-carbon building identification indicators.Through literature research and Climate Consultant and Ladybug software/plug-in,typical city Lhasa is selected as the solar-enriched area and climate analysis is carried out to preliminarily obtain the climate adaptation strategy of local architecture design;Using the "four steps" strategy of building energy conservation in China for reference,building energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation are used to build a calculation method for the limit value of low-carbon residential buildings in Lhasa by distinguishing between operational carbon and implied carbon,benchmark level and contemporary level,and obtain the recognized limit value of low-carbon residential buildings in Lhasa.(2)Research 2: Low-carbon design strategy of solar energy matched.On the basis of preliminary screening of climate adaptation strategies in the research content,seven low-carbon design strategies at three levels were screened,and the relationship between solar energy and carbon reduction in the research strategy,the relationship between operational carbon change and implied carbon change in the application of the strategy were studied.Select a single room or a whole building,combine building energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation,and judge the carbon emission performance of the strategy in the building life cycle,breaking through some problems that the current specifications are not applicable in Lhasa,and solving the problem that some building energy conservation design strategies are not applicable in carbon reduction.(3)Research 3: The optimal form of low-carbon design strategy of solar energy matched.On the basis of research 2,the strategies are combined to form a benchmark building scheme,and the control variables are optimized based on the scheme.For each scheme,8 influencing factors have been determined.The level of each factor varies from 4-17.Each group of tests controls the other 7 factors.Only numerical changes are made between levels.The annual carbon emission intensity of each combination scheme is sorted out through building energy consumption simulation and carbon emission calculation.As a measurement index,the optimal scheme is finally compared with the identified limit of low carbon residential buildings in Lhasa determined in research 1.It is found that the optimal scheme can be better than the limit level.On the basis of the optimization scheme,refine the design pattern of low-carbon buildings in Lhasa,and form a set of pattern diagrams. |
