Research On Fire Simulation And Evacuation Of Ancient Courtyard Buildings

Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings,as an essential part of Chinese architectural history,has its unique status and value.Compared with Single Ancient Buildings,Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings have more architectural styles,sophisticated layouts and large floating population.Based on the above characteristics,there combined with the connection of many corridors between buildings,if a fire broke out in one of these buildings,the whole Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings would be wiped out in a day.Therefore,the research on fire safety of the Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings has deep-practical significance,whether it’s the perspective of historical and cultural inheritance or personal safety.This paper systematically analyzes the fire risk of Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings by means of spot field investigation and sampling,literature review,which specifically calculates and statistics the building,material information and fire load of Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings.First,the wood which is the same as the raw material of the ancient buildings groups is analyzed to get its performance data,and its combustion characteristic is used a cone calorimeter to grasp.So,some experimental results are obtained that combustion process can be divided into:warming pyrolysis,ignition,transition,intense combustion and extinction,and the effects of moisture content and radiation heat flow intensity on the wood were determined.Based on the theoretical basis of fire dynamics,combined with fire load and wood combustion characteristics parameters,a simulation model of courtyard-type ancient buildings was established,and the fire dynamics simulation software was applied to study the impact of fire source location and ventilation conditions on the spread of its fire smoke,and to grasp the fire smoke spread and temperature field,concentration field and velocity field change law.The fire smoke spread law is as follows:near the fire source→wall vertical spread→roof horizontal spread → vertical settlement→spread along the eaves and corridors→building group fire.When the fire occurs,the high temperature airflow under each condition is mainly in the room on fire and the atrium part,so the atrium is not suitable as a temporary refuge;based on site investigation,video shooting and other means,establish pedestrian characteristics model,combined with the results of fire simulation,build a simulation model of evacuation of people in the courtyard type ancient building group,the application of personnel evacuation simulation software to study the number of pedestrians,evacuation guidance measures on the evacuation of people in the courtyard type ancient building group In the evacuation process,the necessary safe evacuation time is positively correlated with the number of pedestrians,and the setting of evacuation guidance measures can reduce the response time of personnel,shorten the necessary safe evacuation time of pedestrians,promote the evacuation process,and improve the evacuation capacity of the building complex.The Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings is concerned in this paper as the research object.This paper reveals the fire development and spread mechanism of Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings,and grasps the evacuation movement law of it in emergency,then puts forward the fire prevention and control and evacuation countermeasures which is made available for the Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings.The research results can provide a scientific and effective theoretical basis for the fire prediction,fire control and protection,evacuation path design and evacuation plan optimization of the Ancient Chinese Courtyard Buildings.