| In recent years,subjective well-being(SWB)has been widely studied and is becoming the focus of public policy debate.It is an important social desire to pay attention to residents’ subjective well-being and start to improve it.Subjective well-being is considered as a selfassessment of personal status,focusing on different areas of residents’ life.In different fields of subjective well-being,the research on the dimension of commuting has attracted the attention of scholars.The difference between commuting and general travel is that it is a regular and unavoidable activity,occupying personal time and resources.When it comes to heavy traffic and the workplace people have to go,many people see commuting as a stressful activity and their satisfaction is at a lower level than other daily activities.Therefore,improving residents’ commuting satisfaction can help improve subjective well-being.In this context,the study of commuters’ subjective well-being has practical value.Eight communities are selected in Shanghai for questionnaire survey in this study,considering the impact of built environment on residents’ commuting.This study explores how to improve people’s subjective well-being,using commuting satisfaction.Commuting characteristics,commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being were effectively combined to demonstrate the effects of different commuting modes on commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being.This study enriches the theoretical and empirical research on commuting and subjective well-being in China.Firstly,an ordered logistic model is established to study the impact of commuting characteristics,personal economic attributes and built environment on commuting satisfaction.It is shown that commuting cost and commuting time are important factors for commuting satisfaction.The density of transportation facilities and some personal economic attributes have an effect on commuting satisfaction.Path analysis model is established by setting the assumptions which are based on a large number of literature research results between different variables.Path analysis model is used to evaluate the causal relationship between dependent variables and multiple independent variables.The direct effect,indirect effect and total effect among different variables can be explored and analyzed by this model.The results of the path analysis model show that there is a positive correlation between commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being.Commuting satisfaction can be considered as an intermediary variable between commuting characteristics and subjective well-being.As a result,it is confirmed that the improvement of commuting satisfaction can promote the subjective well-being of residents.Among the characteristics of commuting,commuting cost and commuting time can directly affect commuting satisfaction and have a negative impact on commuting satisfaction.Commuting modes are mediated by commuting time and commuting cost which have an indirect effect on commuting satisfaction,and finally affect subjective well-being.The standardized path coefficient in the path analysis model is used to calculate the satisfaction and well-being of different commuting modes.It is found that the commuters who use active modes have the highest level of commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being while the commuters who use bus have the opposite compared with the car commuter.The commuters who use moped rank second in improving commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being because of the short commuting time and cheap cost of the moped.In addition,this study also confirms the impact of personal economic attributes on commuting mode choice,commuting satisfaction and subjective well-being.The density of transportation facilities in the built environment can also affect residents’ choice of public transportation.Finally,from the perspective of improving the subjective well-being of bus commuters,this paper puts forward some suggestions based on improving the commuting environment. |
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