| Electricity theft is the single most costly problem faced by the Energy sector.Electricity demand is also increasing in Pakistan in the last decade.The country is facing a demand and supply deficit to meet its electricity demand.Though the country has installed a generation capacity of 43775 MW,still the country could not meet the demand of 29000 MW during the peak summer season of 2022.Due to the non-expansion of the transmission network,non-up gradation of the distribution network,and mismanagement of the energy mix,the public is facing load shedding of 8 to 12 hours in urban and rural areas.In 1998 Unbundling of WAPDA’s formation of DISCOs and NTDC was aimed to end the monopoly in the power sector and to introduce competition to provide better services to the end users,which could not be achieved in true spirit.Net metering,installation of smart meters,and AMI infrastructure is also introducing innovation in distribution networks of Pakistan,which could help to meet the energy crisis and reduce the demand&supply deficit.Current sensing is any one of several techniques used to measure electric current,ranging from Pico amps to tens of thousands of amperes.The selection of a current sensing method depends on requirements such as magnitude,accuracy,bandwidth,robustness,cost,isolation or size.A current sensor is a device that detects electric current in a wire and generates a signal proportional to that current,which can be either analog voltage or current or a digital output.The generated signal can be used to display the measured current in an ammeter,or can be stored for further analysis in a data acquisition system,or can be used for the purpose of control.Current sensing technologies must meet various requirements,such as high sensitivity,accuracy,linearity,wide bandwidth,DC and AC measurement,low temperature drift,interference rejection,IC packaging,low power consumption,and low price.Infineon’s current sensors measure AC and DC currents and provide accurate and stable current measurements up to 120 A or 31m T,respectively.Voltage sensors are used to calculate and monitor the amount of voltage in an object.The input of a voltage sensor is the voltage,whereas the output is switches,analog voltage signal,a current signal,or an audible signal.Sensors are devices that can sense or identify and react to certain types of electrical or optical signals.Voltage and current sensor techniques have become an excellent choice for conventional current and voltage measurement methods.Voltage sensors can measure the supply of voltage,AC or DC,and output can be analog voltage signals,switches,audible signals,analog current levels,frequency,or frequency-modulated outputs.Applications of voltage sensors include power failure detection,load sensing,safety switching,temperature control,power demand control,fault detection,small in weight and size,personnel safety,accuracy,non-storable,wide dynamic range,eco-friendly,and are included in many Arduino starter kits.Distribution transformers are a transformer that provides a wide dynamic range,accuracy,non-storable,wide dynamic range,and eco-friendly.The current study will focus on Pakistan and compare the situation of electricity theft,how bad it is,the possible steps to identifying and fixing it through technology,and the proposed hardware and innovative metering approach to push grid modernization.This paper is focused on a study performed in（Peshawar Electric Supply Company）PESCO;this region in question has a very low distribution efficacy.The study has evaluated commercial,industrial,rural,and urban areas.It covers several key power consumption sights in a 15km2area.Previous research has been used as a base for comparing the results of this case study;this has compared results of studies from other 3rd world countries like Pakistan and South Africa.The design of intelligent meters used in this study was better than the digital meters and had many features compatible with the EU and USA’s western power market and energy infrastructure.The study also highlights the potential of Neural Networks,the Internet of Things,and Cloud computing for greater analysis,prediction,and user accessibility.The case study is the 1stone ever done using Smart Meters on such a large scale,and the data has provided insight into many facts about energy consumption and usage.The statistics can be used to isolate the most probable cause of theft and the area or location of occurrence.The Arduino based designed smart meter and the interface of the neural network system made the system capable of monitoring and detecting electricity theft and faults that occur due to tempering the meters.Using different detection ideas,the smart meter-designed base detestation is considered a reliable and easily implemented maintenance process has the economic zones.Detected areas were easily caught,making the program illegal in legal forums. |
