Research On The Management Of The Shandong Southeast Canal In The Early Republic Of Chin

The Yellow River burst at Tongwaxiang in the late Qing dynasty,and the yellow water headed north to cut off the Shandong section of the canal and take the Daqing River into Bohai Sea.The cut-off Shandong canal is divided into two sections by the Yellow River,the south section becomes the South Canal,from which the south Shandong Canal is born.At the time,the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was at its peak,and the demands of the great powers for treaty change were approaching.The Qing court was overwhelmed by internal and external troubles,and had no time to spare.The south-west of Shandong is facing an ecological crisis caused by flooding caused by natural factors such as the characteristics of the Yellow River and man-made factors such as farmers felling trees along the river.Farmland flooded,along the transport of agricultural production environment imbalance.Along with the ecological crisis,the farmers must face the reality of survival crisis,some of the farmers become active or passive migrants and refugees,along with the sharp decline in population.As an important political affairs in the Past Dynasties,water conservancy administration fell off the “Altar” and became a local affair for local gentry and people to save themselves.But the southwest of Shandong province,where the South Canal is located,has become a “Local interest” sacrificed by the state,and the people along the route have tried to save themselves,but their ability is limited.The officials and gentry who came from the southwest of Shandong province once again picked up the dust-laden case of the regulation of the South Canal of Shandong,and a group of local officials,such as Pan Fu,emerged to revive their hometown.After on-the-spot investigation and full brewing,Pan Fu and others put forward the draft regulation of the South Canal.The three main elements of the draft,namely the South Canal evolution,governance outline and procedures and governance funding.After the draft was approved by the President,Pan Fu formally set about the management of the Shandong Canal.Pan Fu used the office as a base to carry out various activities,set up a field office in Jining,and Selected Water Conservancy talents from all over the country as staff.In addition,also attached to the Shandong School of surveying and mapping engineering for the south of Shandong Canal and National Water Conservancy Management Project Training and delivery of personnel.The preparatory office listened to the National Water Conservancy Bureau and Shandong cruising according to the command,and the gentry along the road to discuss and build.After the establishment of the office,the survey team carried out field surveys in Si River and Wen rivers,as well as the North canal and Xiaoqing River,which are closely related to the South Canal.On the basis of the data obtained from the survey,the cartographic class carries out the mapping work.This makes the preparatory office obtain certain surveying and mapping achievements,which are of great significance for future generations of canal governance.On the surface,Pan Fu’s governance appears to be going smoothly,but it has long since run into trouble,with obstacles and obstacles on all sides.Competing interests in the Sulu Canal region,a shortage of funds,imperialist economic aggression,and the collapse of the political power on which Pan Fu relied,this local canal autonomy was elevated to a state-level capital invasion.The natural ecology is out of balance,the political ecology is out of balance,the economic ecology is out of balance,the country is divided from top to bottom.This is not only the plight of the South Canal of Shandong management,but also the Beijing government faced with the environment.Water Transport has shown the destiny of a nation,the failure of water management has become the epitome of the destiny of a nation is downturn.The problems faced by the administration of the South Canal of Shandong directly reflect the problems of the Beijing government.This is the development environment faced by the whole country in the early years of the Republic of China.Not only will the water conservancy management be hindered,but also the development of the“Days are numbered” country will be stagnant,which seems to be the cause and effect of the inevitable failure of the South Canal management in Shandong province.The eco-social problems that the government faced also provided a new perspective for the political situation in the early Republic of China.Based on the files,newspapers and periodicals,this paper tries to show the whole picture of Pan Fu’s administration of the South Canal of Shandong and the various faces of the officials,gentry and the people in it.