Study On The Spatial Pattern Of Guobi Village In Qinshui County,Shanxi Province

This study takes Guobi Village,Jiafeng Town,Qinshui County,Jincheng City,Shanxi Province as the research object to study and analyze the spatial pattern characteristics of traditional villages.In 2006,the ancient architecture group of Guobi Village was rated as a national key cultural relic protection unit.In 2014,Guobi Village was selected as the sixth batch of Famous Chinese historical and cultural towns and villages,and the third batch of Chinese traditional villages in the same year.As one of the ten major commercial towns in Qinshui County during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,The spatial pattern of the village is still well preserved,but there is no academic research on this aspect.Through literature research,field investigation,oral interview and other research methods,this paper focuses on the analysis of the spatial components and pattern evolution process of The village in Guobi Village.The spatial pattern characteristics of military defense system,folk belief culture and other factors are discussed.Among them,when studying the spatial pattern characteristics of military defense system and folk belief culture,the paper makes a comparative analysis of the spatial pattern characteristics of other villages that have consanguinity and association with Guo Bi Village,finds out the similarities and differences between guo Bi village and these villages,and summarizes the causes of these similarities and differences.The main conclusions are as follows:1.The spatial composition of Guobi Village mainly includes natural environment and built environment.The natural environment mainly refers to the site selection of villages,which form a typical balanced spatial layout of "pillow hill,surrounded by water and facing screen".The built environment mainly refers to the man-made environment.The village forms houses on the gentle slope of the high platform.The ancient commercial road to the east of the village is the skeleton of the road extending to the north and south,and other roads are perpendicular to the ancient commercial road to the village.2.Spatial pattern characteristics of military defense system.Guo Bi Village has formed a spatial hierarchical defense system of "fort-village-Li".The "castle" is characterized by "choosing risks and living","castle" is divided into outer fort and inner fort,outer fort is composed of tall and solid fort wall and zhai door,inner fort mainly refers to family fort,such as Wang Jia Castle Village Zuxiang.The "village" is characterized by the "combination of habitation and defense".The "Tai ’an Village" in the west village of Guobi Village takes the natural soil tableland microtopography as the structural model,forming a "hidden" spatial pattern.The northern village is a closed space formed by a solid high walled wall,and the houses in the village are built on three steps which are stacked on top of each other."Inside" is mainly characterized by "unit defense".The roads in the inside are arranged in network format,and the building unit wall is high and deep.The similarity between Guo Bi fort and other related ancient fortresses is that "there is a fort within a fort",but the difference lies in that Guo Bi has no military cave,towering watchtower,dungeon and so on.3.Spatial pattern characteristics of folk belief culture.The relationship between the temple and the spatial layout of the village is as follows: it is located outside the village,inside the village and on the commanding heights;The relationship between temple and village street spatial pattern is as follows: it is arranged along ancient commercial road and located at road intersection;The relation of temple and public space layout includes:open public space outside temple and enclosed public space inside temple.The similarity between temples in Guobi Village and temples in other related villages is that large or important temples have the function of "strong centrality",but the difference lies in the relative relationship between temples and villages: temples of commercial post road type,temples of family courtyard type,and temples of natural landscape type.4.Spatial pattern characteristics influenced by other factors.Under the influence of the diversion of Qinhe River,the village form was washed into two sections of north and south,and unfolded in a north-south narrow zigzag pattern.Under the influence of commercial transport,the street and lane network takes the ancient commercial road as the main road,and other roads grow perpendicular to the ancient commercial road to the village,presenting the overall "comb shape" street and lane layout.And guo Bei village road layout is "square format",Guo Nan village is "freestyle".Under the influence of family changes,the layout of the courtyard showed a group distribution,"from inside to outside" growth;The courtyard faces different directions according to the terrain,and the shape system is mostly "four big eight small" and "dustpan courtyard".