Research On Optimal Design Of Wall Insulation Structure Of Residential Buildings In Cold Regions

With the proposal of the "dual carbon" goal in 2020,our country’s emphasis on energy conservation and emission reduction has continued to increasing.Improving energy utilization and reducing carbon dioxide emissions have been received widespread attention.The cold regions occupy a large part of the country’s land area.Heating in winter and air conditioning in summer consume a lot of energy,which occupying a large proportion of social terminal energy consumption,and the residential buildings occupy the main position.In cold regions,the common practice to save energy by adding thermal insulation layers to the outer walls of residential buildings.However,in the actual use process,the cracking and hollowing of the decorative layer and the protective layer,the hollowing of the insulation layer,and the overall falling off of the external thermal insulation system are still common,which seriously affects the durability of the external thermal insulation system and is not conducive to energysaving work advance.This paper takes the residential buildings in Xi’an as an example,through the methods of literature research,field research,and comparative analysis,it is determined that the main research object is the rock wool thin plastering exterior thermal insulation system with a wide range of applications and broad prospects.The analysis points out that main reason for its cracking,hollowing and falling off problems is the inadequacy of the structural design.Then,following the principle of layer-by-layer release of deformation stress,three overall structural optimization design methods are proposed.They are: 1.Set a temperature stress buffer layer on the outside of the thermal insulation layer,and take reinforcement measures;2.Adopt a new type of rock wool insulation board and optimize its installation and fixing method,which can not only decompose and absorb temperature stress,but also enhance its bonding force with the wall;3.The new material aerogel fiber board and rock wool board are used for compounding to improve the strength of the rock wool board and the ability to resist the penetration of external rainwater.At the same time,optimized design was made for the detailed structures that were prone to problems found in the investigation,including wall foundations,door and window openings,drip grooves,exterior wall fixings and other locations.According to the thermal engineering design specification for civil buildings,and based on the twostar green building standard for residential buildings commonly used in Xi’an,the overall structural design after checking and optimization has no condensation and condensation inside.Finally,the finite element analysis software ANSYS 2021 is used to simulate the temperature field and temperature stress field of the composite wall before and after optimization.Through the analysis results,it is known that under the working conditions,the optimized scheme can well alleviate the accumulation of temperature in the protective layer,the temperature stress is greatly reduced,and the cracking of the decorative layer and protective layer of the thermal insulation system can be effectively reduced,the risk of empty drums.Helps to improve the durability of the insulation system.