The Evolution Characteristics Of Ecological Environment Quality In Mining Areas And The Construction Of Ecological Security Pattern

China is a major country in mineral resources,and the rapid development of mining has caused serious damage to the ecological environment.How to coordinate the contradiction between mineral resource development and ecological environment protection and achieve sustainable development in mining areas has become an urgent problem to be solved.This article takes a typical mining area in Daye City,Hubei Province as an example to explore the characteristics of ecological environment quality evolution,mechanism of action,and methods for constructing ecological security patterns in mining areas.The following achievements have been achieved:(1)In response to the incompatibility of the four indicators of greenness,humidity,dryness,and heat in the current Remote Sensing Ecological Index(RSEI)model and RSEI at different times,a pseudo invariant feature method and a full data principal component method are proposed for correction.An improved RSEI model and spatial autocorrelation analysis are used to evaluate the ecological environment quality of mining areas in 2000 and 2019.The results showed that the proportion of"excellent"ecological environment quality was the highest,with 27.80%and 33.56%in the two phases,respectively.The proportion of"poor"ecological environment quality was the lowest,with 9.18%and 13.50%in the two phases,respectively;There are obvious clustering characteristics in the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality,with high to high clustering types mainly distributed in the central and southern forest areas,and low to low clustering types mainly distributed in the northern urban areas and mining intensive areas;The area where the ecological environment quality has improved is 88.78 km~2,accounting for 40.13%,mainly located in the northwest of the mining area.The area where the ecological environment quality has deteriorated is 70.06 km~2,accounting for 31.67%,mainly located in the north and southwest of the mining area.(2)The driving factor analysis of the ecological environment quality in mining areas was conducted using geographic detectors.The results showed that the explanatory power of land use,elevation,and rural settlements on the ecological environment quality was 0.535,0.461,and 0.442,respectively.They are the dominant factors for the heterogeneity of ecological environment quality in mining areas,and the interaction between the factors will strengthen the impact on the spatial distribution of ecological environment quality in mining areas.Using methods such as geographic weighted regression analysis,buffer zone analysis,and overlay analysis,the impact of mining activities,roads,and land use on ecological environment quality was explored.The results showed that mining activities had a significant negative impact on the quality of the surrounding ecological environment;The impact threshold of various types of roads on ecological environment quality is about 750 meters,and the degree of impact is provincial roads>railways>national roads>county roads;The deterioration of ecological environment quality is mainly due to the increase in the proportion of impermeable layers caused by the expansion of mining areas and villages,while the improvement of ecological environment quality is mainly due to the increase in the proportion of forest land brought about by land reclamation and ecological restoration in mining areas.(3)Using areas with RSEI>0.90 and an area greater than 0.2 km~2 as ecological source areas and ecological environmental quality driving factors as ecological resistance factors,a minimum cumulative resistance model was used to identify ecological corridors and nodes.A mining area ecological security pattern was constructed with 9ecological source areas,15 ecological corridors,12 ecological nodes,and 3 ecological security zones as the main body,The organic unity of the evolution mechanism of ecological environment quality and the construction of ecological security pattern has been achieved.In optimizing the ecological security pattern,attention should be paid to protecting ecological source points,strengthening the construction of ecological corridors and nodes,and optimizing ecological security areas.