Exposure Levels And Health Risk Assessment Of Phthalates In Adults From Tianjin

Phthalates（PAEs）are currently a common addition used in plastics.Because of their non-chemically bonded characteristics,PAEs and their metabolites can be found in a variety of environmental substrates,including water,particulate matter.PAEs were found in a variety of biological substrates as the research proceeded,including blood,hair,sperm,urine,and so on.Because urine PAEs have a lower half-life and are less susceptible to contamination than other substrates and human tissues,they are regarded as the best biomarker of exposure.PAEs as environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals,can have severe consequences for human health due to their hormone effect,carcinogenicity,and teratogenicity.As a result,it is critical to correctly comprehend the phthalate exposure level and investigate the reaction mechanism in conjunction with epigenetic studies and statistical analysis for the assessment of human exposure risk.In this study,39 young males from Tianjin were chosen as study participants,and urine and blood samples were taken from all.Nine PAEs were found in urine following16 different phthalate chemicals were examined using gas chromatography mass spectrometry（GC-MS）.The detection frequency extends from 2.56%to 92.31%,while the detection concentration ranges from 0 to 2.43 ng/m L.High performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）was utilized to evaluate 10 phthalate metabolites（mPAEs）in urine.Except for mono-methyl phthalate（MMP,30.77%）and mono-benzyl phthalate（MBzP,82.05%）,the detection frequencies of other mPAEs were detected with 100%.Mono-n-butyl phthalate（MBP）and mono-isobutyl phthalate（MiBP）were the two primary phthalate metabolites（median:28.87 and 28.63 ng/m L,respectively）.In health risk assessment,2.56%of males had a hazard index corresponding to reference doses(HI_{Rf D})greater than 1,and 10.26%of males had a hazard index corresponding to tolerated daily intake(HI_TDI)larger than 1,respectively,indicating a comparatively significant risk of exposure to PAEs.In this study,platelet mitochondrial DNA（mtDNA）was amplified by bisulfite treatment and polymerase chain reaction（PCR）,then pyrosequencing to determine the methylation rates of six mtDNA sequences.On statistical analysis of the mtDNA methylation rate,PAEs,mPAEs,and blood lipid levels,it was found that mono-ethyl phthalate（MEP）and MT-ATP8 were both positively linked with triglycerides（TG）.High levels of TG are an important contributing factor to cardiovascular disease,suggesting that exposure to mPAEs may increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases in humans.