Spatial Heterogeneity Of Soil Manganese Around The Manganese Mining Area In Northern Guizhou And Zoning Of Ecological Restoration In The Mining Are

With the development and utilization of mineral resources,social and economic development has been rapidly promoted,but a series of ecological and environmental issues have also emerged,which contradict the continuously developing awareness of environmental protection and the health of the human settlements.Therefore,the construction of ecological civilization is the only way for the development of Chinese people.In order to meet the needs of ecological civilization construction and regional sustainable development in the new era,it is necessary to put mine ecological restoration at the core of mineral resources development and utilization.Currently,the methods for repairing mining areas are relatively simple and lack comprehensive consideration.Not only are the restoration objectives of mines unclear,but also the combination of ecological risks and ecosystem quality is ignored.There are fewer incidents of manganese pollution in China compared with heavy metals,such as Cd、Pb、As、and Hg,also the research of soil manganese is weakness.At present,the spatial distribution of soil manganese is mainly characterized by micro epigenetic geochemistry,and there is a lack of spatial research on soil manganese affected by multiple macro factors.Therefore,this study conducted spatial interpolation of soil manganese content around the manganese ore belt in northern Guizhou,and then superimposed analysis with different types of environmental factor distribution vector data.Using geographical detectors to identify the main influencing factors of spatial heterogeneity of soil manganese.Reveal the overall trend and macro laws of spatial distribution of soil manganese.The spatial characteristics and pollution assessment of heavy metals Mn,Cr,Cu,Zn,As,Ni,Pb,and Cd in the soil of 77 sampling points in the Changgou manganese mine area were conducted.And collect51 sampling points within a range of 20 km around the manganese ore belt in northern Guizhou,conduct spatial interpolation of soil manganese content,overlay and analyze vector data of different types of environmental factors distribution,use geographical detectors to identify the main influencing factors of soil manganese spatial heterogeneity,reveal the overall trend and macro laws of soil manganese spatial distribution.There are some conclusions:(1)Significant differences in manganese content in different types of topsoil around the manganese ore belt in northern Guizhou.Manganese content: lime soil>yellow brown soil>yellow soil>purple soil,and the distribution has medium spatial autocorrelation.The overall soil is mainly rich in manganese.The spatial heterogeneity of soil manganese is mainly influenced by chronostratigraphy and geological lithology.(2)The average content of various heavy metals in the Changgou manganese ore area has exceeded the soil background value,and the heavy metal elements in the manganese ore area have a high variability,with high levels of Cd and Mn in the soil.According to the comprehensive ecological risk value Ri in the mining area,the manganese ore area is divided into four categories by spatial interpolation: slight risk area,medium risk area,high risk area,and high risk area.(3)The manganese mining area can be divided into 4 types of areas by selecting 19 meta indicators to comprehensively evaluate the quality of land ecological conditions.The correlation analysis results show that the decisive factors for the comprehensive ecological quality of the manganese mining area are the regional landscape conditions and vegetation coverage.According to the differences in land quality and heavy metal pollution risk within the manganese mining area,it is divided into ecological improvement areas,ecological barrier areas,collaborative treatment areas,and pollution treatment areas.The overall ecological quality in the manganese mining area is good,but the risk of heavy metal pollution is high.(4)The manganese mining area is divided into ecological improvement area,ecological barrier area,collaborative treatment area,and pollution treatment area.(1)The ecological barrier area has the characteristics of good soil fertility quality、high vegetation coverage、flat terrain、and low risk of heavy metal ecological pollution.The management method should focus on protection,focusing on maintaining or increasing the cultivation and conservation of forest tree species.(2)The ecological improvement area has low patch diversity and vegetation coverage、high slope、low soil organic matter and alkaline nitrogen content.(3)The ecological situation in the collaborative governance area is poor,and there is a high risk of heavy metal pollution.The main contents include soil acidification、thin effective soil layer、low available phosphorus content、low vegetation coverage and high pollution risk of heavy metals Cd、Mn、Ni、Cu、and As.(4)The pollution risk of Ni、Cu、As、and Cd elements in the pollution control area is very high.Biological or chemical improvement methods can be used to regulate soil p H and reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in soil.