Study On Ecological Vulnerability Change And Impact Of Mangshan Mountain In Zhengzhou Of The Yellow River In Recent Ten Years

Ecological vulnerability is one of the core issues in global resource and environmental change（especially climate change）and sustainable development research,Ecological and environmental protection has been incorporated into the national development strategy,and ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin are important components.Taking the construction area of the Mangshan Water and Soil Conservation Ecological Project in Zhengzhou of the Yellow River from 2003 to 2008 as the core area,the four farthest reaches to the south of the Yellow River channel,the north of Lianhuo Expressway,and the areas covering Xingyang City,Shangjie District,and Huiji District as the research area,using the theories of geography,ecology,meteorology,and water and soil conservation,and based on 3S technology and SRP model,9 indicators are selected from five elements:terrain,surface,meteorology,vegetation,and socio-economic,Using the principal component analysis method,the ecological vulnerability of Mangshan Mountain in Zhengzhou,the Yellow River in 2010,2015,and 2020 was comprehensively quantitatively evaluated and graded,and the overall change trend and influencing factors of ecological vulnerability during the 10 years from 2010 to 2020 were analyzed;Based on the measured data from the ground meteorological field and gradient tower of Mangshan Ecological Observation Station in northern Xingyang from 2010 to 2020,the relationship between meteorological element changes and ecological vulnerability normalization index was analyzed using univariate linear fitting,anomaly method,cumulative anomaly method,correlation coefficient,and partial correlation coefficient,to explore the impact of Huanghe River ecological protection on the local microclimate of Mangshan Mountain in Zhengzhou.The research results can provide theoretical basis for ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin,and have important theoretical and practical significance.The main conclusions are as follows:（1）The ecological vulnerability of Mangshan Mountain in Zhengzhou of the Yellow River is caused by the joint action of human and nature.The main influencing factors include annual average temperature,annual precipitation,slope,and topographic relief;In the past 10years,the ecological vulnerability normalization index has decreased from 0.35 in 2010 to0.27 in 2015 and slowly increased to 0.28 in 2020,with an overall trend of"first decreasing and then slowly increasing";The slightly vulnerable area in the study area is increasing,while the slightly,moderately,and severely vulnerable areas are gradually decreasing,while the extremely vulnerable areas are basically unchanged,while the severely vulnerable and extremely vulnerable ecological areas are relatively small and concentrated in distribution;The average value of the ecological vulnerability normalization index is 0.30,which is generally slightly fragile,indicating that the ecological management of water and soil conservation and ecological protection of the Yellow River in Mangshan Mountain,Zhengzhou,have achieved significant results,with the overall ecological vulnerability showing a downward trend,and the ecological quality showing a benign development.（2）The local microclimate in Mangshan Mountain,Zhengzhou,the Yellow River has significant changes,From 2010 to 2020,except the annual total precipitation(P_sum),annual maximum surface temperature(TG_max),and annual total evaporation(E_sum),other meteorological elements showed an overall downward trend,and the annual average air temperature(TA_Avg),annual average dry bulb temperature(TD_Avg),annual average wet bulb temperature(TW_Avg),annual minimum surface temperature(TG_min),annual average vapor pressure(e _Avg),annual average soil temperature 0cm(TS-0_Avg),annual average soil temperature 5cm(TS-5_Avg)The annual average soil temperature of 10cm(TS-10_Avg),15cm(TS-15_Avg),20cm(TS-20_Avg),40cm(TS-40_Avg),80cm(TS-80_Avg),and 160cm(TS-160_Avg)show a significant upward trend over time;The results show that the interannual variation trends of various meteorological elements from 2010 to 2020 are different,with precipitation decreasing,temperature increasing,temperature difference increasing,air humidity increasing,ground evaporation decreasing,and atmospheric water vapor transport weakening.This indicates that the water holding and water retaining functions of soil and surface vegetation are enhanced,and the water use efficiency of crops is increased.The microclimate of Mangshan Mountain,Zhengzhou,on the Yellow River is improving year by year.（3）TA_Avg,P_sum,TA_max,TD_Avg,TW_Avg,TG_minand E_sumall reached positive or negative anomaly peaks in 2011,with obvious deviations.TG_maxwas significantly higher in 2014,and TA_minwas significantly higher in 2017.In 2020,RH_Avg,e _Avgand TS-（0～160）_Avgare all significantly higher,which shows that in recent 10 years,the year with the greatest probability of extreme weather occurs at air temperature,precipitation,highest temperature and lowest surface temperature recorded by Mangshan Mountain in Zhengzhou,Yellow River is 2011,and the probability of extreme weather decreases with the passage of time.（4）In the past 10 years,the seasonal average air temperature(ta _Avg),seasonal maximum temperature(ta_max),seasonal average wet bulb temperature(tw _Avg),and seasonal average water vapor pressure（e）in Mangshan,Zhengzhou,Yellow River have all shown an increasing trend in spring,summer,autumn,and winter.Among them,the increasing trend of tw _Avgin spring,summer e,autumn ta_max,and winter ta _Avgis particularly evident;The fluctuation trends of total precipitation(p_sum),seasonal minimum temperature(ta_min),seasonal average air humidity(rh _Avg),seasonal average dry bulb temperature(td _Avg),seasonal maximum surface temperature(tg_max),seasonal minimum surface temperature(tg_min),seasonal total evaporation（E）,seasonal average soil temperature at different depths(ts-（0～160）_Avg)in spring,summer and winter are both increasing and decreasing,with different trends,including spring td _Avg,summer rh _AvgThe increasing trend of tg_minand ts-（0-160）_Avgin winter is particularly evident,while the decreasing trend of tg_maxin spring,ta_minand E in summer,and p_sumin autumn are particularly evident;During the year,changes in air temperature,dry bulb temperature,wet bulb temperature,and soil temperature at different depths mainly occur in spring,while microclimate changes such as precipitation,maximum temperature,air humidity,maximum surface temperature,evaporation,and water vapor pressure mainly occur in summer,and the lowest surface temperature occurs in winter.（5）The ecological vulnerability normalization index of Mangshan Mountain in Zhengzhou of the Yellow River is significantly correlated with P_sumand TA_min,followed by TA_Avg,and has the weakest correlation with TA_max;The ecological vulnerability normalization index is positively correlated with TA_max,and negatively correlated with TA_Avg,P_sum,and TA_min.When the ecological protection effect is significant,the overall annual maximum temperature shows a downward trend,the probability of extreme high temperature decreases,and the overall annual air temperature,annual total precipitation,and annual minimum temperature show an upward trend.The probability of extreme low temperature decreases,and drought is alleviated.The ecological protection of the Yellow River effectively improves the local microclimate of Mangshan Mountain in Zhengzhou,the Yellow River.