Study On The Identification Of Key Areas For Ecological Protection And Restoration In The National Land Space Of Xinjiang River Basin Based On The Evaluation Of Ecological

The evaluation of ecological environment quality is an effective means to measure the ecological environment of a region,to accurately,comprehensively and scientifically evaluate the regional ecological environment quality,to respond to the strategic policy of building ecological civilization and maintaining national ecological security in the new era of China,to promote the research process of ecological protection and restoration of the national land space which is still in the initial stage,and to have great significance for the sustainable and highquality development of the region.The development of RS and GIS technologies provides important technical methods for ecological environment quality evaluation and ecological spatial conservation and restoration research,which can better contribute to the construction of regional ecological civilization.This paper takes the Xinjiang River basin as the research area,and through the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)model,the ecological environment quality of the basin is monitored and evaluated dynamically,and based on the ecological environment quality evaluation results,the ecological security pattern of the basin is constructed and the key areas of ecological protection and restoration in the national space are identified.The main research work and conclusions of this paper are as follows.(1)The collection and pre-processing of relevant experimental data were carried out to address the problems that need to be solved in the study.The remote sensing image data of Xinjiang River Basin from 2000-2021 were selected as the basic data for ecological environment quality evaluation;the rest of data such as land use,elevation slope and roads and rivers were collected as the necessary data for ecological security pattern construction.Subsequently,the remote sensing data are pre-processed with radiation calibration,atmospheric correction,image mosaic,image cropping,water body mask,reclassification of land use data and stitching and cropping of elevation slope data.(2)Ecological environment quality evaluation of the Xinjiang River basin based on remote sensing ecological indices.Based on remote sensing and GIS software such as ENVI 5.3 and Arc GIS 10.7,the greenness index(NDVI),humidity index(WET),dryness index(NDBSI)and heat index(LST)were extracted for each period,and the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)model was constructed using principal component analysis to analyze the dynamic change characteristics of the ecological environmental quality index of the Xinjiang River basin.The ecological environment quality of the whole basin and each county/city/district in the basin was evaluated in more detail,and the spatial distribution,area size and transfer changes of each grade of ecological environment quality were explored to realize the dynamic monitoring of ecological environment quality at the dual scales of the basin and the county.The results show that the overall ecological and environmental quality of the Xinjiang River basin is stable and improving,showing a spatial distribution pattern of "better in the north than in the middle,and better in the east than in the west".The ecological environment quality in the downstream counties of the basin has improved significantly,while the ecological environment quality has decreased mainly in the urban areas of the counties,and the rapid development of the cities and towns has brought a certain degree of negative impact on the ecological environment.(3)Constructing ecological security pattern and identifying key areas for ecological protection and restoration in the national space of Xinjiang River Basin.Based on the results of ecological environment quality evaluation,the optimal RSEI quality patches were extracted,the most stable ecological source areas were screened,various resistance factors such as land use type,ecological environment quality and elevation were selected,weights were determined by hierarchical analysis,a minimum cumulative resistance model was used to construct a comprehensive ecological resistance surface,key ecological elements were identified based on circuit theory,and the ecological security pattern of the Xinjiang River Basin was constructed.The results show that the ecological environment quality evaluation results obtained based on the RSEI model have better applicability in the construction of ecological security pattern,while the minimum cumulative resistance model has a greater advantage in constructing a comprehensive ecological resistance surface and the circuit theory in discriminating important ecological landscape elements.The ecological safety pattern constructed by combining multiple model methods can comprehensively and effectively identify the key areas for ecological protection and restoration at the watershed scale.(4)Based on the results of ecological security pattern construction,we propose ecological protection and restoration in the Xinjiang River Basin.Based on the concept of overall ecological protection,systematic restoration and comprehensive management of land space,this paper proposes corresponding measures based on the constructed ecological security pattern,which has certain reference value for ecological protection and restoration of the Xinjiang River basin.However,the research on ecological protection and restoration of national land space is still in its initial stage,and it is necessary to actively explore the basic system framework and spatial optimization pattern of ecological civilization construction of national land space covering both problem-oriented and result-oriented in the new period.This paper extracts ecological indicators for each phase based on long time series of remote sensing image data,constructs an RSEI model using principal component transformation,realizes dynamic monitoring and evaluation of ecological environment quality at watershed scale and county scale,screens ecological source sites using RSEI results,constructs ecological security pattern,and proposes ecological protection and restoration measures for the pattern elements,which can,to a certain extent,provide guidance and reference for the construction of ecological civilization in the Xinjiang River basin.It can also provide guidance and reference for the construction of ecological civilization in the Xinjiang River basin,and is of reference value for similar studies.