| In recent years,the rapid economic development and the large-scale exploitation of rare earth minerals in the southern Jiangxi region have led to rapid changes in land use,agricultural intensification and population urbanization,which have brought severe tests and major challenges to the ecosystem on which people depend for survival.At present,studies on ecosystem services and their interactions have mushroomed from a single spatio-temporal perspective,but there are few studies on the promotion of regional ecosystem sustainable development through comprehensive analysis of different spatio-temporal scales.In addition,the southern Jiangxi region is located in the core of the southern hilly and mountainous belt in the ecological strategic layout of "two screens and three belts",and also belongs to the red soil region in the south of China.As an important barrier of ecological protection in the south,the ecological protection and restoration of mountains,water,forests,fields,lakes and grasses are the strategic needs of The Times.Therefore,the goal of restoring regional ecology and promoting sustainable development is to better understand the interactions among ecosystem services.In this paper,the southern Jiangxi(Ganzhou)region in 2000 and 2020 was taken as an example,and the region was divided into 352 small watershed scales and 284 township scales.Crop production,livestock production,water yield,carbon sequestration,soil conservation,habitat quality,and forest recreation were selected.Based on In VEST model and Arc GIS,the temporal and spatial characteristics of seven ecosystem services at different scales were quantified and analyzed.Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the scale difference of ecosystem service trade-off and synergy.K-means clustering analysis was used to evaluate and analyze the distribution pattern of ecosystem service clusters at different scales in southern Jiangxi.Redundancy analysis was used to explore the influence mechanism of socio-natural factors on ecosystem service clusters and relationships in southern Jiangxi.The results showed that:(1)The increase trend of ecosystem services at township scale and watershed scale was relatively consistent,but the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of seven ecosystem services appeared at watershed scale and selection scale in southern Jiangxi.(2)The synergistic scale effect of tradeoffs is similar in space,but different in size;?at the township scale,the interactions of carbon sequestration,habitat quality and forest recreation were significantly synergistic(R>0.8,P<0.001),and the trade-offs between livestock production and crop production,carbon sequestration,habitat quality and forest recreation services decreased from 2000 to 2020.At the catchment scale from 2000 to 2020,synergies between soil conservation and carbon sequestration,forest recreation and habitat quality services increased,but tradeoffs between water production services and carbon sequestration,habitat quality and forest recreation also increased.(3)Cluster analysis divided the seven kinds of ecosystem services into four categories at township scale and watershed scale.Compared with township scale,the township scale is better than the identification of the whole ecosystem service Cluster in southern Jiangxi.In addition,Cluster 4 at township scale and Cluster 3 in watershed scale can comprehensively identify the high-value ecosystem service area in the study area.(4)Topographic factors played a dominant role in the two scales,but the rapid growth of GDP and population density brought by rapid urbanization was the main driving factor to enhance the change of ecosystem services at the two scales in southern Jiangxi.The results of this paper advocate a comprehensive analysis of the spatio-temporal evolution mechanism and interaction of ecosystem services and different scale studies,and provide scale suggestions for the governance and restoration of ecosystem services in southern Jiangxi Province. |
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