Spatial And Temporal Evolution Of Landscape Ecological Fragility And Its Influencing Factors In Qin-Ba Mountain Area

The ecological environment,which serves as the basis for human existence and development,is a prerequisite for sustainable economic progress.Due to the rapid economic growth and more pronounced environmental concerns,ecological vulnerability has become one of the important topics in the study of global climate change and sustainable development.The Qinba Mountains are located where China’s geology and climate run north to south,making them essential ecological function regions for the preservation of biodiversity in China.To reveal its essential characteristics and occurrence mechanism,as well as to have significant theoretical and practical implications for ecological governance and sustainable development,research in the Qinba mountains’ ecological environment should focus on its temporal and spatial evolution,landscape pattern,and ecological vulnerability.These strategies in ecologically fragile and ecologically sensitive areas.Based on data from three periods of land use types in 2000,2010,and 2020,this research was used the Qinba mountainous area in Southern Shaanxi as its research object and employs the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram(VSD)model and geographic detectors.Preliminary recommendations for local landscape ecological protection and land space ecological restoration strategies were made based on research methods like the temporal and spatial evolution of landscape patterns in the study area,landscape ecological vulnerability and its evolution,and analysis of factors affecting landscape ecological vulnerability.The following are the primary research findings:(1)The ideal spatial analysis granularity domain at the landscape level and type level in the Qinba Mountains,Shaanxi Province,are30-50 m,and the evaluation of conversion accuracy loss reveals that the smaller precision loss granularity range is 30-90 m.The tenacious investigation these area’s landscape pattern’s suitable analytical grain size range is 30-50 m;(2)The number of patches and the landscape shape index in the study area have fluctuated downwardly over the past 20 years,with the number of patches falling by 15.83% and the landscape shape index falling by 8.75%.The degree of landscape fragmentation is high overall,but it is decreasing,and the degree of landscape dominance is increasing;Landscape shape index and patch number have similar trends,and landscape fragmentation,agglomeration and dominance of different types of landscape show multiple trends;(3)The study area’s high exposure and high sensitivity are primarily located in regions with wide cultivated land and artificial surface,while the study area’s high adaptability is primarily concentrated in regions with high socioeconomic development or high vegetation coverage.The exposure and sensitivity increased first and then decreased,and the decrease was smaller than the increase,while the adaptability increased steadily.(4)There are considerable disparities in the geographic distribution of landscape ecological vulnerability throughout the research area,and regions with high levels of this vulnerability face long-term risks.Generally speaking,the changing trend of landscape ecological vulnerability is consistent with the exposure and sensitivity,and the decrease is less than the increase;Concentrated in the central areas of each town,that is,areas with high exposure and sensitivity,and areas with poor ecological disaster resistance,that is,low adaptability;(5)There is no obvious difference in the factors affecting the ecological vulnerability of different landscape domains,including: socio-economic factors,land use factors,elevation,the largest patch ratio and landscape shape index,population density and GDP density are the factors that affect the interaction and the most important factor in environmental sensitivity.The findings are as follows:(1)The level and type changes of the landscape in the study area are relatively stable,which is closely related to the natural geographical environment of the area.The intensity of human activities leads to changes in the landscape pattern to varying degrees,which affects the spatial distribution characteristics of the landscape pattern in the area.From 2000 to 2020,the changes in landscape patterns of different landscape types in the Qinba Mountains were different.The fragmentation of forest land,cultivated land,grassland,and water body landscape types decreased,and the degree of agglomeration decreased.Bare land,artificial surface,shrubs,and wetland increased,agglomeration also increased.(2)The spatio-temporal distribution of landscape ecological vulnerability in the Qinba Mountains is significantly different.Landscape ecological vulnerability can be found in the Hanzhong Basin,Ankang Basin,county centers,and other places with a lot of human activity.Contrarily,the degree of ecological environment protection increases with the rate of forest covering.After the ecosystem was destroyed,the overall ecological environment of the area can be seen to be slightly improving in high spots.(3)Human social characteristics have a more significant influence on this region’s landscape’s ecological fragility than natural characteristics do.