Research And Design Of Special Machine Tool For Drilling Porous Welded Parts

The machine tool industry is not only the most important basic industry for the development of the national economy,but also the core of important equipment for the machinery manufacturing industry and the key field for obtaining competitive advantages in innovative technologies.With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry,the pace of high-quality products and diversification is accelerating,and automation and new technology are driving the machine tool industry to move forward.With its advantages of strong pertinence and high degree of automation,special-purpose machine tools have become indispensable process equipment for large-volume,high-quality,and high-efficiency production of specific parts in various industries.At present,the special machine tools for porous weldment processing are still in the blank,and the processing is still mainly done by manual operation of ordinary drilling machines.The process is cumbersome and the processing quality is difficult to guarantee.In view of the continuous improvement of processing quality and processing efficiency requirements in the porous weldment manufacturing industry,it is of great practical significance and application prospect to study special machine tools that meet the drilling requirements of porous weldments.This topic is aimed at the production needs of the series porous welded parts of the production enterprise,aiming to improve the backward process and design a special machine tool for the four-hole simultaneous drilling of the series porous welded parts at one time,in order to obtain high-quality porous welded parts from the source While improving the processing efficiency,the main research content and innovative work of this topic are as follows:Firstly,a general layout scheme of a special machine tool that can realize simultaneous drilling of four holes in a porous weldment is designed.Aiming at the problems of poor coaxiality of rib hole positions and low processing efficiency in the traditional "drilling before welding" process,the process steps of "welding first and then drilling" were adopted to improve the coaxiality of the holes,and the planning and design of the The special fixture clamps the porous weldment in the center of the bed at one time,and the overall layout scheme of the four-spindle symmetrically distributed synchronous drilling on both sides,in order to improve the processing efficiency from the source.Then,a simulation optimization method based on Solidworks Simulation for different positioning methods and clamping schemes of porous weldments is proposed.Aiming at the characteristics of difficult clamping of porous welded parts,poor stiffness of ribs and easy deformation during drilling,the simulation model of deformation analysis of porous welded parts was established by using the Solidworks Simulation finite element method,and the effects of different positioning methods and clamping schemes were studied.The influence of drilling force and clamping force on the deformation of porous weldment,and thus the optimal clamping scheme to effectively control the deformation is obtained.Then,the mechanical system and control system of the special machine tool are designed in detail.In view of the complex and difficult-to-machine structure of porous weldments,the special fixture adopts a modular and combined design method in order to improve the consistency of clamping porous weldments under different abnormal conditions;the four spindles adopt a horizontal symmetrical layout structure to achieve four-hole synchronization Drilling to ensure the coaxiality requirements of the hole position;and according to the control requirements of special machine tools,PLC is used as the main controller and the control system with touch screen as the human-computer interaction interface to realize the automatic processing of special machine tools.Finally,a process parameter optimization method based on machining experiments is proposed.The results of prototype trial production and actual processing experiments show that the special machine tool can meet the processing requirements of a series of porous welded parts while improving processing efficiency,and the processing quality is stable.On the basis of ensuring processing quality,the goal is to maximize processing efficiency.The effects of different cutting speeds and feed rates on the hole diameter tolerance,hole position tolerance and coaxiality tolerance of porous weldments were studied,and the process parameters for maximizing production benefits were obtained.