Study On Extraction Process Of Cyperus Esculentus Oil And Enrichment And Separation Of Unsaturated Fatty Acids

Cyperus esculentus L.is a good oil and feed multi-purpose crop.Cyperus esculentus L.is suitable for growth in desert areas.It is resistant to drought and saline-alkali.It can not only improve the environment,but also be used to develop aquaculture,oil processing and brewing industries.With the gradual excavation of the ecological value and economic value of Cyperus esculentus,its planting area and yield are increasing year by year.Only Tumushuke City has a planting area of more than 16,000 mu,becoming one of the important economic industries for local development.In this paper,Cyperus esculentus planted in Tumushuke city and 4 kinds of Cyperus esculentus planted in other regions of China were selected as research materials.The basic nutritional components of Cyperus esculentus,such as protein,fat and water,and the quality and fatty acid composition of Cyperus esculentus oil were preliminarily analyzed.The method of extracting Cyperus esculentus by solvent leaching method was selected and optimized,and the basic conditions of separating unsaturated fatty acids from Cyperus esculentus oil by molecular distillation technology were discussed.The results are as follows :1.The analysis of the basic nutritional components of 6 samples of Cyperus esculentus showed that there were significant differences in the basic nutritional composition of Cyperus esculentus.The moisture content ranged from 4.07 % ～ 12.02 %,the fat content ranged from 19.39 % ～ 31.41 %,the starch content ranged from 27.01 % ～ 31.14 %,the protein content ranged from 3.87 % ～ 6.98 %,and the ash content ranged from 1.70 % ～ 3.32 %.Cyperus esculentus was rich in zinc,manganese,iron,calcium,magnesium and other minerals.The analysis of Cyperus esculentus oil showed that the peroxide value of six Cyperus esculentus oil extracted by ultrasonic assisted solvent method ranged from 0.23 ～ 0.64 mmol / kg.The acid value of oil was 1.54 ～ 1.90 mg / kg(KOH).Iodine value in 76.02 ～ 88.49 g / 100g;the saponification value ranged from 185.06 ～ 190.69 mg / g(KOH).2.The effects of solvent extraction method,ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction method and soxhlet extraction method on the extraction of Cyperus esculentus oil were compared.The optimum process conditions of the three extraction methods were obtained : solvent extraction method,under the conditions of solid-liquid ratio of 1:9.8,time of 3.8 h and temperature of 56 ℃,the oil extraction rate was 66.98 ± 0.11%;ultrasonic assisted solvent method,ultrasonic power was 360 W,40 k Hz,solid-liquid ratio was 1 : 14,ultrasonic temperature was 40 ℃,ultrasonic time was 50 min,the extraction rate was 71.01 ± 0.12 %;the highest extraction rate was 93.62 ± 0.38 % when the solid-liquid ratio was 1:9,the extraction time was 5.9h,and the extraction temperature was 80.5 ℃.Comparing the extraction rate of oil by three extraction methods,it was found that the solvent extraction method was the most commonly used edible oil extraction process in the industry,but the extraction rate was low;the ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction method has shorter extraction time,higher extraction rate and lower acid value than the solvent leaching method.Soxhlet extraction method had the highest extraction rate.3、The unsaturated fatty acids of Xinjiang-1 Cyperus esculentus oil extracted by ultrasonic assisted solvent extraction were enriched and separated by molecular distillation technology.The optimum conditions for the separation of unsaturated fatty acids by molecular distillation technology were obtained by orthogonal test design.The distillation temperature was 70 ℃,the scraping film speed was 200 r / min,and the feed drop rate was 50 drops / min.Under these conditions,the relative content of unsaturated fatty acids was 88.10 ± 0.09 %.The content of ethyl oleate in the unsaturated fatty acid was as high as 76.35 %.