Study On The Extraction Of Cyperus Esculentus Oil And The Quality Of Cyperus Esculentus Production

The Cyperus esculentus belongs to C yperaceae, Cyperus, it is annual herbaceous, it is named because for the shape for the underground tubers beans. It is native to the Mediterranean coast of Africa. And it is a resources of high oil plant,who has high quality, grain production and high comprehensive utilization. It was introduced our country since 1960. In recent years, the planting scale and processing quantity has increased year by year, the annual production was about 20000 t, Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus esculentus oil have become a consumption of high value, it has no national standards or industry standards of Cyperus esculentus oil and Cyperus esculentus meal and cake as so far. It restricted the Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus esculentus oil’s development and utilization. The paper studied Cyperus esculentus peeling, the process of pressing and leaching Cyperus esculentus oil, the Cyperus esculentus oil quality of different areas and different process, the refining process of Cyperus esculentus oil and the quality standards of Cyperus esculentus oil, the quality and comprehensive utilization of Cyperus esculentus meal and milk. In order to provide technical support of Cyperus esculentus’ efficient utilization and diversified products.The paper studied the trace composition of Cyperus esculentus. The amino acid composition of Cyperus esculentus was rich, it contained 16 kinds of amino acids, the tot al amino acid content was 27.35 mg/g, it include 7 kinds of essential amino acids, the essential amino acids accounted for 24.57% of the total amino acids. The magnesium and calcium content were 950 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg. It didn’t detected aldicarb, organic phosphorus, aflatoxin B1, cadmium, lead and other harmful substances in Cyperus esculentus. According to the brown skin of Cyperus esculentus products, it might do harm to Cyperus esculentus oil, as well as the dry peeling caused by mass loss rate of Cyp erus esculentus, the paper studied the process conditions and effect of Cyperus esculentus wet peeling. The effect of soaking solution concentration, soaking temperature and soaking time on the peeling rate and mass loss was studied. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of Cyperus esculentus wet peeling was soaking solution concentration of 5%, soaking temperature and 95 ℃, soaking time 6 min, the Cyperus esculentus peeling rate was 94.80% under the condition, the mass loss rate was 15.80%; when the dry peeling was incomplete peeling, the mass loss rate was 29.31%, as we know, the wet peeling effect is obvious. after peeling, the Cyperus esculentus crude fiber from 8.21% reduce to 5.27%, the crude fat content from 19.85% increased to 21.55%. the effect of Wet Peeling on Cyperus esculentus group was obvious; the acid value(0.66 mg KOH/g) and peroxide value(5.17 mmol/kg) of Cyperus esculentus oil with peeling of were lower than the acid value(1.00 mg KOH/g) and peroxide value(7.61 mmol/kg) of Cyperus esculentus oil without peeling, the color / p hosphorus content and other quality indexes had no significant difference. The color of Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus esculentus cake with wet peeling of were improved, the red value was smaller, and it became more bright. It showed that the quality of Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus esculentus oil were improved after wet peeling.The paper studied the main areas of Cyperus esculentus about the characters and the main component analysis, pressed a nd leached to get Cyperus esculentus oil, effection of different areas Cyperus esculentus and different process to extract the Cyperus esculentus oil quality analysise, effection of refining process on the quality of Cyperus esculentus oil. The fat content of Cyperus esculentus is 18.71%~26.14%, The crude protein content of Cyperus esculentus is 5.20%~6.61%, total sugar and starch content were 52.52%~63.34% and 21.55%~33.58%; the acid value of Cyperus esculentus oil was 1.00~2.67 mg/g, the refined oil<the expressed oil<the solvent extracted.The peroxide value was 0.02~2.92 mmol/kg, the expressed oil>the solvent extracted oil>the refined oil. The moisture and volatile was 0.03%~5.33%, the refined oil<the expressed oil<the solvent extracted oil; The color was R:3.3~6.2 Y:30, the expressed oil>the solvent extracted oil>the refined oil; the pressed oil and the refined oil were qualified extracted crude oil freezing test; the sterol content was 66.42~174.76 mg/100 g, the p hosphatide content was 0.02%~0.73%; the VE content was 42.09~60.50 mg/100g(the content of a-Tocopherol was 32.91%~63.93% of the total VE); The Cyperus esculentus oil contained palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, the oleic acid and linoleic acid of the Cyperus esculentus oil were 67.71%~74.60% and 8.79%~11.48%. The characteristic index(refractive index, relative density, saponification value, iodine value, unsaponifiable matter, fatty acid composition) of the expressed oil, the solvent extracted oil, the refined oil has no significant difference. Compareed to the national standard of OCSO and peanut oil, after sedimentation and filtration to remove solid impurities, the quality index of the expressed oil(acid value, peroxide value, lecithin, moisture and volatile matter, soluble impurities, color, freezing test and hot test, smoke point) could be up to the standard for first grade oil. Due to residual solvent, fat-soluble impurities and solid meal, the the solvent extracted oil should be refined. And after refining,the oil could be up to the standard for first grade oil. The crude protein content of Cyperus esculentus cake and meal was 5.89%~7.88%, the content of total sugar and starch were 60.30%~76.43% and 24.63%~36.77% respectively. Compared to other oil plant, the protein content of Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus esculentus cake was low, the sugar content was high, they were suitable for food and beverage raw material.After peeling, the Cyperus esculentus starch was extracted by alka line aqueous solution. The starch extraction rate was studied. The optimum conditions of extracting starch was got by single factor and orthogonal test. The results showed that the effection of four factors(p H, soaking temperature, liquid ratio, soaking time) on starch extraction rate was that p H> liquid ratio > soaking temperature > soaking time. Considering the environment and energy saving. The optimal conditions was A2B3C3D2 ultimately. The orthogonal experiment were as follows: pH:10, soaking time 70 min, liquid material ratio 1:6, soaking temperature 20 ℃. Under the optimum conditions, the extraction rate of starch was 77.61%, the starch containion was 77.54%. And it was also applied to the extraction of starch from the raw material. The paper studied the physicochemical properties of Cyperus esculentus starch: The starch grains ranges 2-18 μm. The hardness, elastic and visco accumulation, gumminess, chewiness, recovery of Cyperus esculentus starch was good.The paper studied the process to got the instant powder from Cyperus esculentus cake after peeling. The optimum conditions of extracting starch was got by single factor and orthogonal test. After peeling. the paper studied the process conditions and effect of Cyperus esculentus instant powder. The effect of monoglyceride, xanthan, sugar and amylase on the solubility, emulsifying ability, stability, taste, taste and aroma was studied. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of Cyperus esculentus instant powder was as follows: monoglyceride 0.07%, amylase 0.8%, xanthan 0.3%, sugar 4%. The crude fat was 7.18%, total sugar was 60.12%, crude fiber was 5.27%, crude protein was 7.12%. And the Cyperus esculentus’ emulsion stability were good, and it did’t not appear obvious stratification after placed for a long time. And the consistency and taste were best. It was a kind of nutritious instant food.In conclusion, the quality of Cyperus esculentus and Cyperus esculentus oil were improved after wet peeling, the analysi of Cyperus esculentus oil from different areas, different extraction and refining process, the paper could provide the basis for Cyperus esculentus oil national standards. The paper got a Cyperus esculentus starch who had high extraction efficiency, and high starch content. The instant powder from peeled Cyperus esculentus tasted good, and it was rich in nutrition of.