Research On Optimization Decision And Coordination Mechanism Of Low-carbon Supply Chain Considering Triple Bottom Line Under Different Carbon Policie

In response to global climate change,more and more countries and regions have formulated emission reduction targets and introduced corresponding low-carbon policies.The implementation of climate change and low-carbon policies has led to increasing consumer awareness of environmental protection.Under the pressure of both the government and the market,more and more enterprises have begun to produce,develop and sell low-carbon products.In practice,in addition to paying attention to their own interests,enterprises also need to pay attention to the protection of the environment and the needs of other stakeholders.Therefore,the optimal decision-making and coordination of low-carbon supply chains considering the triple bottom line under different carbon policies are worth studying.Firstly,this paper constructs the low-carbon supply chain models considering the triple bottom line under the carbon tax policy and carbon trading policy,and finds equilibrium solutions,separately.Then,this paper compares and analyzes the optimal pricing and emission reduction decisions of centralized and decentralized decision-making models,and obtains the size relationship between the balancing strategies in different models.Secondly,this paper explores the impacts of model parameters on consumer surplus and overall environmental impact.Thirdly,the low-carbon supply chain is coordinated with the carbon emission reduction(CER)cost sharing contracts and two-part-tariff contracts.Finally,numerical simulations are carried out to analyze the impacts of carbon tax,CER investment efficiency,carbon trading price and corporate social responsibility(CSR)coefficient on the total profit of the supply chain in different models.The main results are:(1)Under different environmental backgrounds,the optimal wholesale prices,optimal retail prices,optimal carbon emission reductions,optimal sales quantities and optimal profits in different models of the supply chain are related to the CER technology investment efficiency and the CSR coefficient.(2)Consumer surplus and overall environmental impact decrease with the CER technology investment efficiency,carbon tax,and carbon trading price,respectively.(3)The CER cost sharing contract and the two-part-tariff contracts can achieve perfect coordination and Pareto improvement of the low-carbon supply chain considering the triple bottom line under the carbon-free policy,carbon tax policy and carbon trading policy.