| As one of the world’s most significant ecosystems,cultivated land provides food and raw materials for humans and a range of ecosystem services with indirect use value.Ecological compensation is a policy tool to reconcile the contradiction between food production and ecological conservation.In the context of ecological civilization,the government needs to research ecological compensation for cultivated land to coordinate the relationship between agricultural production and cultivated land conservation.Based on the cultivated land ecosystem services and ecological values,this paper reviews and compares the conceptual changes and research progress of cultivated land ecological footprint and ecological compensation at home and abroad.This article takes the Northeast region as the study area,and we select 41 prefecture-level cities for an empirical study.The ecological footprint paradigm is applied to assess the ecological status of cultivated land in Northeast China.Meanwhile,the ecological footprint depth of cultivated land is introduced to reflect the human use of cultivated land.Based on the natural characteristics of cultivated land,economic indicators and using the economic adjustment coefficient of the cultivated land ecosystem,the value of cultivated land ecosystem services is measured to determine the total amount and priority of cultivated land ecological compensation in 41 prefecture-level cities in Northeast China,and then explore the spatial and temporal changes of the sustainable development between human and nature.And based on this,a zoning study of ecological compensation was conducted,with the following results:(1)In this paper,we conducted an empirical study to measure the value of cropland ecosystem services in 41 prefecture-level cities in Northeast China.The results show that the trend of the value of cropland ecosystem services in Northeast China is roughly the same during the period 2000-2020,and it is in a stage of rising,then falling and then rising.The value of arable land ecosystem services in 2020,in descending order,is Heilongjiang Province(48.510 billion yuan),Jilin Province(27.260 billion yuan),Liaoning Province(17.134 billion yuan),and the five eastern leagues of Inner Mongolia(16.326 billion yuan).The total value of cropland ecosystem services in the northeastern provinces generally varied.The value of cropland ecosystem services in each province increased from the southwest to the northeast.(2)From 2000-2020,the overall value of per capita ecological carrying capacity of arable land in Northeast China,Heilongjiang > Inner Mongolia > Jilin > Liaoning,is consistent with the ecological footprint of arable land,except for Jilin Province,which experienced an increase.A decrease and an increase in the ecological carrying capacity of arable land per capita in the other three regions showed an overall increasing trend from 2000 to 2020.The ecological footprint of northeast China has far exceeded its ecological carrying capacity,and there is a large gap between resource supply and people’s living needs,making it challenging to support the sustainable development of northeast China.Meanwhile,the environmental carrying capacity of different prefecture-level cities needs to be balanced.(3)The total amount and priority of ecological compensation for arable land in the study area are measured on this basis.Cluster analysis is used to screen them spatially.The 41 study units in Northeast China are divided into five categories,Class I ecological compensation area,Class II ecological compensation area,Class III ecological compensation area,Class IV ecological compensation area,and Class V ecological compensation area,whose ecological compensation priority order decreases step by step.Through zoning,the sustainable use of black soil resources in Northeast China is better guaranteed.Finally,the study proposes corresponding countermeasures based on the calculation and zoning of cultivated land ecological compensation.First,insist on ecological priority and coordinate the relationship between "utilization" and "compensation" of cultivated land;second,establish a working group for the black soil protection and optimize the cultivated land ecological compensation system;third,differentiate and coordinate the development and narrow the gap between regional compensation;fourth,innovate ecological compensation service mechanism and strengthen the policy support for ecological compensation;fifth,improve the allocation method of the compensation fund and tilt the compensation to key areas;Third,differentiated and coordinated development,narrowing the regional compensation gap;fourth,innovative ecological compensation service mechanism,strengthen ecological compensation policy support;fifth,improve the allocation of compensation funds,compensation to crucial areas. |
