Study On Nutrition Components Evaluation And Origin Difference Of Agrocybe Cylindracea From Different Regions

In recent years,Agrocybe cylindracea has become popular with consumers due to its tender cap,crisp stalk,unique flavour and nutritional value.Research on Agrocybe cylindracea in China still focuses mainly on cultivation,bioactive substances and comparison with other edible mushrooms,but no research has been conducted on the influence of geographical origin on the nutritional composition of Agrocybe cylindracea.In order to provide basic information for the establishment of a nutritional database and theoretical reference for the construction of quality grading standards for Agrocybe cylindracea,43 species of Agrocybe cylindracea were selected from 13provinces for this study,and the nutritional and volatile components such as protein,amino acids,dietary fibre,fat,ash and moisture of different sources of Agrocybe cylindracea were determined.The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the ethanol extracts from different sources of Agrocybe cylindracea was carried out by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem linear ion trap mass spectrometry（UPLC-QTRAP-MS/MS）,and the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the ethanol extracts were also determined.Finally,statistical methods such as factor analysis,cluster analysis,neural network analysis and linear discriminant analysis were used to explore the product origin attributes of Agrocybe cylindracea.The main studies and conclusions are as follows:1.Analysis of the nutritional composition of different sources of Agrocybe cylindracea.The highest dietary fibre content was found in Agrocybe cylindracea with25.27-34.17%,followed by protein content with 14.09-27.24%.The fat,neutral sugars and ash content of these mushrooms were low,ranging from 1.69-3.45%,3.79-9.34%and 5-13%respectively.17 amino acids were detected in the 43 species of Agrocybe cylindracea,with glutamic acid having the highest content of 1.24-4.68%.The amino acid composition results showed a ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids of0.37-0.40.The amino acid score results showed that histidine,methionine+cysteine and lysine were the main limiting amino acids in these Agrocybe cylindracea samples.2.The composition of volatile components of Agrocybe cylindracea from different sources were analyzed.Using NIST20.L mass spectrometry library search and combined with retention indices,131 volatile components were identified cumulatively,which contained 7 alcohols,11 aldehydes,15 esters,7 phenols,10 acids,43hydrocarbons,13 ketones,14 aromatic compounds,8 pyrazines and 9 other compounds,among which benzaldehyde was the most volatile component with the highest relative area content.The amount and composition of volatile components identified in Agrocybe cylindracea from different sources varied somewhat.3.The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the different sources of Agrocybe cylindracea were analyzed.43 species of Agrocybe cylindracea were identified with four phenolic substances,DL-4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid,protocatechuic acid,p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid.The total amount of DL-4-hydroxyphenyl lactic acid,protocatechuic acid,p-coumaric acid and p-hydroxybenzoic acid were.The total phenolic content of Agrocybe cylindracea ranged from 4.54-6.28 mg gallic acid/g.The variability of the antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of Agrocybe cylindracea from different sources was not significant enough,with antioxidant activity DPPH,ABTS and FRAP values ranging from 2.02-5.52 mg AAE/g dw,4.73-6.79 mg AAE/g dw and 26.09-55.14μmol Fe²⁺E/g dw.4.Origin attributes of Agrocybe cylindracea products were analyzed.The origin attribute analysis of Agrocybe cylindracea from 43 sources based on nutrient composition revealed that Agrocybe cylindracea samples originating from Henan,Hunan,Guizhou,Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces had high insoluble dietary fiber（IDF）content.Agrocybe cylindracea samples originating from Guangdong,Hubei and Jilin provinces had high soluble dietary fiber（SDF）content.Agrocybe cylindracea samples originating from Anhui,Fujian,Jiangxi,Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces had high contents of nutrients such as SDF,protein,amino acids,fat and ash.The multi-layer neural network method and LDA method were used to study the origin discrimination of Agrocybe cylindracea in different geographical regions based on volatile components,and the results showed that volatile components combined with ANN and LDA methods are a potential method to identify the origin of Agrocybe cylindracea.